266 THE ZUNI INDIANS [eth. ann. 23 



forelock, A yucca ribbon is tied around the head. One of the num- 

 ber wears a black skull cap covered with the skin of a duck so well 

 mounted as to appear as if a duck had just perched there. A black 

 wool cap is used when the masks are not worn. Two others wearing- 

 masks accompany these dancers. One hideous mask has padded eN'es; 

 another has a long- white beard. The *Cha'kwena form in line north 

 and south, and the other two dance violently east of the line, which 

 faces west quite as frequently as east during the dance. Before this party 

 complete their song- and dance, the 'Cha'kwena of another ki'wi'sine 

 arrive, the dancers making- room for them. The newcomers also form 

 in line on the west side of the room. Their dress and masks are simi- 

 lar to those worn by the *Cha'kwena who precede them. The *Cha'- 

 kwena, like most of the Zunis, are beautiful in form, and the sight 

 of their bodies swaying- from side to side in rythmical motion, while 

 the}^ gracefully manipulate the rattle in accompaniment to the song, 

 gives real delight. 



A boy of live or six years and a man representing a bear, the latter 

 wearing a mask, dance in front of the line. The child wears a black 

 woven breechcloth, buckskin leggings, and a tortoise-shell rattle tied 

 to the calf of his right leg; a yucca ribbon is tied around his head, 

 and his breast is covered with necklaces. He carries in his right hand 

 a gourd rattle which is almost as large as himself, and in his left a bunch 

 of giant yucca. The child seems as much interested in the dance as 

 his elders. The man representing the bear has his lower legs painted 

 black and spotted white. He wears armlets of uncolored leather. A 

 bearskin covers the body and a portion of the lower limbs and skins 

 of bears' legs with the claws are drawn over his feet. A tortoise-shell 

 rattle is attached to the calf of his right leg. He carries a wooden 

 hatchet, with goat's wool, significant of a scalp lock, in his right hand 

 and yucca in his left; j^ucca is also tied around his legs below the knees. 

 These two remain a short time after the *Cha'kwena leave, running 

 about the room like animals.'* 



Next to appear are seventeen Wa'tem'la (all herds), seven of the 

 number being boys. They are led by a man carrying his mi'li and nu al 

 basket. Their bodies are nude, marked thus) (in yellow on each 

 scapvila and breast. The legs are painted white, and they wear various 

 styles of kilts and wrappings about the loins and legs. Each carries 

 a gourd rattle in his right hand, with a bunch of giant yucca in his 

 left. Forming in line on the west side of the room and facing east, 

 they stamp three times with the right foot and begin the dance, which 

 is like the former, though the song is quite different. • 



After these dancers leave, a Hopi dance is introduced, led b}" Nan'- 



a At this point in the ceremony four spectators*are severely whipped across the ankles and arms for 

 speaking a word or two of Spanish, for a word in this language must not be uttered in the presence of 

 the personators of the anthropic gods. 



