STEVENSON] SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL EVENTS 283 



during the dancing- in the plaza is next distributed in the .same order. 

 The ceremonial father now takes down Bi"*siVs hair, removing the 

 husks. The hair is left hanging. 



The mi'wachi are collected and given to their owners, and after the 

 other objects are removed from the meal painting the Ko'mosona 

 brushes the meal of the painting together with his hands and deposits 

 it in the small circular opening in the floor of the ki'wi'sine, symbolic 

 of the opening through which the A'shiwi came to this world from 

 interior worlds. The A'shiwanni and others carry their gifts to their 

 homes, and then they may indulge in a repast, no food having been 

 taken since the previous day by any in the ki'wi'sine except Bi"*si'si 

 and Pau'tiwa, who were not o})liged to observe the fast. 



HISTORY, ARTS, AND CUSTOMS 



Chronologic Summary of Historical Events Connected avith Zuni 



1539-1800 



Zuiii history, as recorded l)y the Spanish invaders and others, has 

 been so fully exploited that little space need be devoted to it in the 

 present paper. Mr F. W. Hodge, of the Smithsonian Institution, to 

 whom the writer is much indebted, has furnished the following synop- 

 sis of historical events: 



1539, May. Fray Marcos of Niza visited Cibola in this month and viewed Hawikuh, 



one of the Seven Cities, from a neighboring lieiglit. This pueblo was the 

 scene of the death of his negro companion Estevan at the liands of tlie Zunis 

 about May 20. Niza here took possession of the province in the name of the 

 King of Spain. 



1540, July 7. Francisco Vasquez Coronado, after a conflict in which he wa.'^ wouniled, 



captured Hawikuh and applied to it the name Granada. It had 200 war- 

 riors. On July 11 the Indians retired to Toaiyalone (To'wa yiil'liinnfi). 

 This is the first reference in history to the use of this mesa as a place of 

 refuge, although it may have been used as such in prehistoric times. 



1540, July 15. Coronado sent Pedro de Tovar from Cibola to the i)rovince of Tusa- 

 yan (the Hopi country). 



1540, July 19. Coronado journeyed from Granada to Toaiyalone and returned the 

 same day. 



1540, August 3. Coronado wrote his celebrated letter to the Viceroy Mendoza, dated 

 " from the province of Cevola, and this city of Granada." 



1540, August 25 (?). Coronado sent Lopez de Cardenas from Cibola on a journey 

 which resulted in the discovery of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado river. 



1540, August 29. Hernando de Alvarado was sent eastward from Cibola to the buffalo 

 plains. 



1540, Seplemher. The army of Coronado reached Cibola with slu'cj) and cattle. This 

 doubtless marked the beginning of the sheep and cattle industry and of the 

 use of hor.ses among the Southwestern tribes. Twenty days later the array 

 started for Tiguex, on the Rio (irande, where it established winter ijuarters. 



1542, spring. Coronado and his army passed through Cibola on their way back to 

 Mexico, leaving some natives of Mexico among the Zunis. 



1581, summer. Francisco Sanchez Chamuscado, with a small force, visited the prov- 

 mceof Zuni (misprinted Cami in the records), which comprised six pueblos; 

 one village havmg been abandoned subsequent to Coronado's visit. 



