STEVENSON] SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL EVENTS 285 



16S5. Some of the Zunis left the mesa and began the resettlement of thi'ir villages 

 in the valley. 



1636. No missionaries at Zmli because the governor at Santa Fe refused an I'scort. 

 There appears on El Morro the inscrii)tion: "We pass by here, the lieutenant- 

 colonel and the captain Juan de Archuleta, and the lieutenant Diego Martin 

 Barba, and the ensign Augustin de Ynojos, in the year of 163()." 



1643. Missionaries were probably again established at Zuni about this time. 



1670, October 7. The Apaches (or Navahos) raided Ilawikuh, killing the Zuni mis- 

 sionary, Fray Pedro de Avila y Ayala, by beating out his brains with a bell 

 while he was clinging to a cross. The priest at Ilalona, Fray Juan (Jaldo, 

 recovered Fray Pedro's remains and interred them at Halona. The mi.«sion 

 of La Concepcion de Hawikuh was henceforth al)andoned, l>ut the jjueblo 

 was occupied by the Indians for a few years. 



1680, AngnM 10. A general revolt of the Pueblos against Spanish authority took 

 place. The Zuiiis murdered their missionary, Fray Juan de Bal, of the 

 mission pueblo of La Puriticacion de la Virgen de Alona (Ilalona), burned 

 the church, and fled to Toaiyalone, where they remained for more than 

 twelve years. At the time of this rebellion the ^unis, who numbered 2,500, 

 occupied, in addition to Halona, the villages of Kiakima, Matsaki, and 

 Hawikuh. Two villages (Canabi and Aquinsa) had therefore been aban- 

 doned between Oiiate's time (1598) and the Pueblo revolt (1680). 



1692, November 11. The Zunis were found on the mesa by Diego de Vargas Zapata 



Lujan Ponce de Leon, to whom they submitted, and about 300 children 

 were baptized. 



1693, April 15. Vargas consulted with a Zuni chief at San Felipe with a view to 



transferring the pueblo of Zuni to tlie Rio Grande, l)ut no definite action 

 was taken. 

 1696, June 29. An expedition was sent by the Spaniards against the Jemez and their 

 allies from the Navaho, Zuni, and Acoma tribes. The Indians were defeated, 

 and the Zunis returned home frightened. 



1699, July 12. The pueblo of La Parisima de Zuni (evidently the present Znfii vil- 



lage, w^hich meanwhile had been l)uilt on the ruins of Halona) was visited 

 by the governor, Pedro Rodriguez Cul)ero, to whom the iidiabitants renewed 

 their allegiance. 



1700, June. Padre Juan Garaicochea was priest at ZuiTi. 



1702. In the spring the Hopis tried to incite the Zunis and others to revolt. Captain 



Juan de Uribarri was sent to investigate and left Captain Medina at Zuni 

 with a force of 19 men as a garrison. This force was later reduced, those 

 who were left treating the natives harshly. 



1703. Padre Garaicochea, who was still missionary at Zuni, complained to the gov- 



ernor at Santa Fe, and the Indians, receiving no redress, on March 4 killed 

 three Spaniards who were exiles from Santa Fe and who had been living 

 publicly with native women. Some of the Zunis tiiereupon fled to tiie 

 Hopis, others took refuge on Toaiyalone. Captain Ro(|ue :\Iadrid was sent 

 to Zuni to bring away the friar, leaving Zuni without a missionary. 



1703, Xoremher {?). Padre Garaicochea urged the reestablishment of the Zuni mis- 

 sion, but no action was taken. 



1705, March-April. Padre Garaicochea returned to Zuni as missionary early in the 

 year; he induced the Indians to come down from Toaiyalone, where tiiey 

 had l)een since 1 703, and again settle on the plains. On April 6 they renewed 

 their allegiance to Captain Roque Madrid. 



1705, September. The Spaniards found a knotted cord, jirobably a <iuipu (calendar 

 string), which reminded them of the days of KiSO, when a similar device 

 was employed to notify the revolutionists and to fix the day of the rebellion. 



