286 THE ZUNI INDIANS [eth. ann. 23 



1706, April-Mm/. The Hopis had been raiding the Zufiis, who were now baptized 



Christians; therefore Captain Gutierrez was sent with eight men for their 

 protection. The Zuiiis made an expedition against the Hopis in May, kill- 

 ing two and recovering seventy animals. Later the Zuiiis aroused suspicion 

 by asking that the garrison be removed from their pueblo. Fray Antonio 

 Miranda, how resident missionary at Acoma, occasionally ministered to the 

 Zuiiis. 



1707. Governor Jose Chacon Medina Salazar y Villasenor, Marquis de la Penuela, 



sent an embassy of Zuiiis to the Hopis to exhort them to peace and sub- 

 mission, but refugee Tanos and Tewas, who lived among the Hopis, 

 responded by making a raid on Zuiii. At this time Fray Francisco de Iraz- 

 itbal was missionary at "Alona," indicating that the old name was still some- 

 times applied to the new pueblo. 



1709, June 5. The following inscription occurs on El Morro: "On the 5th day of the 

 month of June of this year of 1709 passed by here, bound for Zuiii, Ramon 

 Paez Hurtado." He was lieutenant-general of the province and acting gov- 

 ernor in 1704-5. The expedition here noted was probably sent against the 

 Navahos, who were hostile this year. 



1713, May. Padre Irazilbal reported that a Zuiii Indian attempted to instigate the 

 Acomas and Lagunas to kill their missionary, Fray Carlos Delgado. 



1713, December. Two Zuiiis were granted permission to visit the Hopis, who 

 expressed eagerness for peace and alliance with the Zunis, but not with 

 the Spaniards. 



1716, August 26. The governor, Don Feliz Martinez, carved his inscription on El 

 Morro on his way to conquer the Hopis, by way of Zuiii. The custodian, 

 Fray Antonio Camargo, and the alcalde of Santa Fe accompanied him. 

 Native commissioners were sent forward from Zuiii, which was still called 

 Alona. 



1726, February. The ensign, Don Jose de Payba Basconzelos visited Zmli, leaving 

 his inscription on El Morro dated February 18 of this year. 



1736-1738. General Juan Paez Hurtado (son of Ramon), official inspector, visited the 

 pueblo in 1736; Bishop Elizaecochea of Durango visited the pueblo in 

 September 1737; and Governor Enrique de Olavide y Michelena in 1738. 



1744-1748. Zuiii is reported by one authority as having a population of 150 families, 

 and by another 2,000 souls. It had two priests, one of whom was Padre 

 (Juan Jose?) Toledo. 



1760. Bishop Tamaron reported the popufation of Zuiii to be 664, but this number 

 is smaller by nearly 1,000 than that reported by Ilzarbe in 1788. 



1774-1778. Fray Silvestre Velez Escalantj was missionary at Zuiii. 



1779-1780. Fray Andres Garcia was missionary at Zuni. 



1788. Fray Rafael Benavides was missionary at Zuiii, also Fray Manuel Vega. 

 Ilzarbe reports the population to be 1,617. 



1792. Fray Daniel Martinez was missionary at Zuni before this date. 



1793. Revilla Gigedo reports the population at 1,935. 



1798-99. The population of Zuiii is reported at 2,716. (In 1820-21 it had appar- 

 ently dwindled to 1,597.) 



Native Accounts of the Revolt of 1680 



Accounts of the revolt of the Zuiiis against Spanish rule in 1680 were 

 obtained by the writer from a shi'wanni (rain priest) and from Tu'maka, 

 a theurgist of one of the esoteric fraternities. The shi'wanni's account 

 is as follows: When (in 1680) the Pueblo Indians as a body planned 



II 



