STEVENSON] GOVERNMENT 2lS9 



the Navahos. This shell would be used with the medicine if an attack 

 were made upon the Zuiiis, hut at the ceremonials it is only l)lowii. 

 for if the medicine were used it would kill all the ])e()ple."' 



After dwelling a long- time onTo'wa yal'liinne (Corn mountain), tlu' 

 Zunis again descended and scattered over the valley, l)ut raids of the 

 Navahos and Apaches forced them to build the present village upon 

 the remains of old I'tiwanna, which stood on a knoll containing 15 

 acres, considerably elevated above the north bank of the Rio Zuni. 

 This village has a population of about 1,600. It consists principally 

 of groups of houses, compactly built, one upon another, the highest 

 portion being five stories. The roof of the lower houses furnish the 

 front yards for the houses above. Generally the interior is so 

 arranged that the inhabitants can readily communicate with one 

 another. These remarkable structures served as fortifications, the 

 ladders for ascending to the roofs being drawn up in case of attack. 

 A church was built in Shi'wona, the name of this new village, and 

 after a time the Zuiiis became interested in the Catholic ritual, espe- 

 cially as they were allowed to make use of their own symbols in deco- 

 rating the churches. So far as the writer has been able to discover, 

 the religious and social institutions of the ZiuTis have been but slightly 

 atiected by the teachings of the Spanish priesthood, and their motlc 

 of thought is practically what it was before the arrival of Coronudo 

 more than 350 years ago. 



GOVERN^IENT 



The government of Zuili is hierarchical, four fundamental religious 

 groups, the A'shiwanni (Rain priesthood), the Ko'tikilli," the A'pi-'la- 

 shiwanni (Bow priesthood), and the other esoteric fraternities being con- 

 cerned. The dominant authority, however, is what the writer terms 

 the first body of A'shiwanni, composed of eight men and one woman.'' 

 A governor with four assistants and a lieutenant-governor w ith his four 

 deputies constitute the civic l)ranch. These men are all nominated 

 by the first body of rain priests, though nmch influence is brought 

 to bear for or against the various men supposed to be in fa\ or w ith 

 this body. The public notification to the governor of his appoint- 

 ment takes place in the te'wita 'hlaiuia (large plaza), when the gov- 

 ernor's cane, a gift from President Lincoln (formerly a native staff 

 was in use), is handed to the new appointee. Though the governor is 

 elected for one year, he may be reelected one or more times. II.- 

 may, for proper cause, lose his office at any time, and this is also true 



" Organization directly associated with antliropic worship. , , • 



6 The rain priests are designated 6y terms whieli indicate freedom from secular work the six 

 A'shiwanni directly associated with the six regions, the Sln'wano'-kla , l-riestess of fecundity) and 

 the elder and vonnger Bow priests, the two latter being A'shiwanni ex ..m.-i...as they are the earthh 

 representatives of the Divine Ones, constitute the first body of A'shiwanni. 

 23 ETii— 04 10 



