STEVENSON] ARTS AND INDUSTRIES 349 



The first three games ti'kvvane, sho'liwc and i'yankolo'we have been 

 described as associated with ela))oratc (ceremonies. It is probable that 

 tlie other games of the Gods of War when phiyed under certain con- 

 ditions are attended with more or less ceremonj' which the author has 

 not observed. 



Arts and Industries 

 house buiudinc; 



A Zuiii pueblo resembles a great beehive, with its houses built one 

 upon another in a succession of terraces, the roof of one forming the 

 floor or 3^ard of the one next above, and so on until in some cases five 

 tiers of dwellings are successively erected (see plate lxxxv); only a 

 few houses, however, are over two stories in height. Among the 

 Zunis, as among more civilized peoples, riches and official position 

 confer importance upon the possesssor. The wealthy class live in the 

 lower houses; those of more modest means, next above; while the 

 poorer families, as a rule, content themselves with the uppermost 

 stories. No one, naturally, would climb to the garret who had the 

 means to live below. The houses, which are built of stone and adobe 

 (sun-dried bricks composed of earth and straw molded in wooden 

 forms), are clustered about three plazas, or squares, and a fourth 

 plaza is on the west side of the village. There are three covered ways 

 and several streets. 



The women delight in house building, especially in plastering the 

 houses. They consider this their special prerogative and would feel 

 that their rights were infringed upon were men to do it. Men lay the 

 stone foundations, build the walls, and place the huge logs which serve 

 as beams to support the roof. These logs are brought from a long 

 distance and are dressed Iw the Ziuli carpenter. After the logs are 

 placed (see plate lxxxvi), carefully selected willow boughs are laid 

 crosswise upon rafters, brush is spread over these, and the whole is 

 covered with earth, forming a roof substantial enough for this climate. 

 Little girls assist in bringing the water used in mixing the mortar, 

 working industriously, and trudging from the river with their diminu- 

 tive water vases on their heads in a fashion quite F^gyptian. 



The lower houses, as well as those above, have outer doors; hatch- 

 ways in the roof, through which ladders pass, serve as other entrances. 

 The doorwaj's are so small that in many instances it is difficult to 

 squeeze through, yet they are an improvement on the more ancient 



for the opposite side, and that the use of the double set of stones is an innovation of their own. The 

 writer observed the Africans at the Buffalo Exposition, in 1901, playing on a rude slab of Avood marked 

 in squares, each alternate square being colored black. This game was identical with the modern 

 game of checkers, with the exception that twenty men are used on each side. One player, who spoke 

 English well, told the writer that his people had always played the game, the board with them 

 being marked by having alternate squares excavated on a heavy slab of wood. 



