STEVENSON] 



ARTS AND INDUSTRIES 3()] 



back of the mask. An embroidered white-cotton scarf is tied around 

 the mask at its base. 



The Ko'hakwa mask also covers the head and has a white face with 

 a red spot on either cheek. The top of the mask is covered with tur- 

 quoise and Ko'hakwa beads attached in loops, and necklaces of the 

 same hang from the neck to the waist of the wearer of the mask. 

 Strings of the same precious beads encircle the arms fi-om the wrists 

 nearly to the elbows. 



The face of the Sun mask is painted blue-green and encircled with 

 yellow, red, white, and a design in black and white blocks, symbolic of 

 the home of the clouds. A tablet which is attached to the top of the 

 mask is decorated in front with the sun symbol and in the back with 

 the rainbow. A wig of black goat's wool covers the back of the mask, 

 falling over the shoulders of the wearer. The masks of the hei-alds, 

 or warriors, of the Sun are colored white in the back and blue-green 

 in front and have a long beak. They are surmounted with a decorated 

 tablet cross, each end tipped with a star, symbolic of the stars of the 

 four regions. 



Ma'lokat*si approaches the village in the morning from the south 

 over the road leading to the salt lake. After reaching the river she is 

 carried across by a Ko'yemshi (the great fathers of ancestral gods). 

 At the same time Ko'hakwa comes from the west and the Sun with his 

 heralds, or warriors, the Morning and the Evening stars in advance, 

 appear from the east. .They remain until sunset, when Ma'lokiit'si 

 returns over the southern road and the Sun with his heralds accom- 

 pany Ko'hakwa over the western road. 



FOOD AND DKINK 



Bread maling. The women of Zuni take special pride in having 

 good bread, of which there are several varieties. He' we (wafer l)read). 

 is a household staple. It is baked on slabs of gray sandstone, cut from 

 the quarry at the base of To'wa yiil'lanne (Corn mountain)." some '^ 

 miles east of Zuni, by men or boys who bring them home, after which 

 the women take charge of them. They vary in size from 24 inches in 

 length by 20 in width to 38 inches in length l)y 'M) in width. When 

 the cut side has been rubbed smooth with a stone, the slab is supi)orted 

 on two parallel walls, 8 or 10 inches high, built of small stones laid in 

 plaster on the hearth in the l)road tireplace, which is capped with an 

 awning resembling those of the Chinese. The slal> is gradually heated 

 by a small fire of cedar wood built under the stone, and afterward a 

 greater fire is made. When it has reached the i)roper degree of heat, 

 native squash seeds with the husks removed aie chewed and ejected 



a Thunder mountain has been erroneously accepted as Uie translation for To'wa yal'lanno. The 

 error may have arisen from the similarity between to'wa (corn, archaic), and to'wawa (thunder), 

 the last two syllables of which are pronounced rapidly. 



