STEVENsoNi PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 388 



writer observed a j^reat improvement in 1902. Manj- of the school 

 children could make themselves understood in Eno-lish, and the men, 

 from more frequent association with the whites, had made sufficient 

 progress in the language to protect to some extent, their rights in 

 trading. In lOO-t a still larger number of Zunis had more or less 

 command of English. 



PHYSICAL CHARACTERS « 



As a rule the forms of the Zuiiis are symmetrical and their carriage 

 graceful. The women are small, with shapely lim])s, hands, and 

 feet. Many are handsome in their youth, but they grow corpulent 

 at an early age. When the laughing eyes of youth become somewhat 

 dinmied by years, they acquire a kind, motherly expression. In 1879 

 seven albinos were found amond the Zunis. Mr Stevenson with diffi- 

 culty gathered six of the albinos in a group and secured a photograph 

 of them (see |)late xcix). The mother of an infant albino could not 

 be prevailed upon to allow her child to be photographed. Indeed, 

 these people are so sensitive of their condition that they avoid the 

 presence of strangers, and while the men may stand their ground, the 

 women and children, especially the latter, flee from the '"Americano." 

 The w^'iter has seen several of the children grow to girlhood and 

 womanhood. A birth of an albino child occurred in 1896. These 

 people have light, decidedh^vellowish hair and complexions of decided 

 delicacy. They all have weak eyes, and their vision is so affected by 

 the absence of choroid pigment that the\" are ol)liged to protect their 

 eyes, which alwa3'S become inflamed from ordinary daylight. When 

 out of doors the albino men wear hats, when they can be secured, and 

 the women cover their faces with blankets and peep through the 

 smallest openings. The statement that an)inos are compelled to live 

 apart from the others of the tribe is erroneous, and none of them are 

 debarred from religious or social privileges. In no instance has an 

 albino parent an an)ino child, and no two of them belong to the same 

 family. The adults are each married to a dark-haired Indian, and 

 they have healthy offspring. 



The writer is under oldigations to Dr Ales Ilrdlicka, curator of 

 physical anthropology in the United States National Museum, who in 

 1900 visited and examined many of the Zunis, for the following notes, 

 in the proportions and features of the peoples: 



The Zunis show a considerable variation in stature, but may be describetl as below 

 medium height. Among 60 adult men, 5 per cent measured 150 to In?) cm. in height; 

 23.3 per cent, 155 to 160 cm.; 26.7 per cent, 160 to Kio cm.; 31.7 percent, 165 to 

 170 cm.; and 13.3 per cent, 170 to 175 cm. 



Among 49 men with undeformed heads only 5 had a cephalic index below 77; in 

 12 it was between 77 and 80, and in 32, or 65 per cent, it was above 80. Thus tlie 

 tribe may be considered as predominately brachy cephalic, with a considerable varia- 



aThe extreme isolation of the Zunis has pres^irved a strong individuality. 



