384 THE ZUNI INDIANS [eth. ann. 23 



tion. There are indications that this variation is largely due to an early admixture 

 of a dolichocephalic people. 



The face is usually of moderate dimensions, with more less prominent cheek bones. 

 The average bizygomatic breadth in the men is 14.3 cm. ; average height from chin to 

 nasion, 11.5 cm.; average height of forehead from nasion to hairline, 7 cm. The 

 nose is rather short, with an average nasal index of 82. The nasal l)ridge is mostly 

 moderately convex or concavo-convex. The mouth is rather large; the lips vary 

 from medium to well-developed, in the European standard. Alveolar prognathism 

 is mostly pronounced, but facial prognathism is small. The angles of the lower jaw 

 are often quite prominent in the male. 



The body is generally well developed, and shows more uniformity than in whites. 

 In 3 out of the 60 men examined there was a tendency to obesity. In women this is 

 more frequent, but the corpulence very seldom reaches a degree at which it would 

 become uncomfortable. The average chest diameters in men, at nipple height, are: 

 Depth, 21.4 cm. ; breadth, 82.9 cm. The limbs show ordinary muscularity. The arm 

 expanse in men exceeds the height on the average by 4.7 cm. The sitting height is, 

 in males, on the average, 52.3 per cent of the stature. The calf is generally smaller 

 than in whites, and the hands and feet are of moderate dimensions. 



The physical characteristics of the Zunis identify this tribe closely with the Hopis 

 and the majority of the other Pueblos. There is also some physical relation to the 

 Navahos, and, farther south, to many of the peoples who spoke the Nahuatlan 

 language. 



The several albinos who were examined showed nothing abnormal in their meas- 

 urements. 



MEDICAL PRACTICE 



The belief held by some students that the therapeutics of the North 

 American Indians is associated altogether with occultism is erroneous. 

 Though the practice of the Zunis is to a large extent fetishistic, it 

 is rich in legitimate drugs. Some of these drugs are employed in 

 conjunction with theurgism; but frequenth' medicines are administered 

 both internally and externally in the most matter-of-fact way without 

 prayers or incantations, not only by the old women, who know various 

 plant medicines, but also by the professional man or woman, who is 

 always a theurgist of some esoteric fraternit}'. 



Some of the Zufii medicines are administered in accordance with the 

 doctrine of signatures, in conjunction with prayers and other cere- 

 monies. Others are the medicines of the Beast Gods of the six regions, 

 snake medicine, ant medicine, medicine of the feathered kingdom, and 

 te'nas^sali, the mythical medicine plant which is said to bear blossoms 

 of the colors of the six regions. While these medicines, which are 

 mainly plants, are used in conjunction with fetishes of the animals to 

 which they belong, the}' are generally of real medicinal value. Mas- 

 sage is extensively practiced, and the masseur or masseuse is most 

 proficient. 



For an}^ complicated or mysterious trouble, or one which does not 

 yield readily to legitimate medicine, some higher power than man must 

 be called upon to eradicate the disease "shot" into the person by 

 witchcraft. In such cases the Beast Gods act through their agents, the 



