sTEVLxsoNj ORIGIN OF THE FRATERNITIES 409 



Pa'yatauiu/' The Shi'wannakwe and Ne'wekwe, owing to the close 

 relation of the two original couples, are allied to one another, the 

 Shi'wannakwe being regarded as the elder brother of the Ne'wekwe. 

 The Divine Ones named the third fraternity the}^ organized *San'ia- 

 kiakwe (Hunters). This fraternity is also called Sus'kikwe (Coyote). 

 The fourth fraternity the}" named 'Hle'wekwe (Wood people). 1'he 

 Divine Ones gave medicines and songs to each fraternity. 



After the A'shiwi had settled at Hiil'ona (Ant place), the Divine Ones 

 visited Shi'papolima and there met Po'shaiyilnki, his associates, and the 

 body of men holding the secrets of Mystery medicine. Po'shaiyjinki 

 and his associates were already initiated into the mysteries of O'naya'- 

 nakia before the arrival of the Divine Ones, who declared to him 

 that they must have guardians for the six regions of the woi'ld and 

 for the whole world, but that man could not fill these places; tliev nuist 

 have some one with cunning of scent and sight. Tliey thereupon 

 changed the men possessing the secrets of Myster\' medicine into 

 beasts. One, becoming the cougar, was dispatched to the North to 

 guard that region; another was changed into the l)ear and made guard- 

 ian of the West; another, changed into the badger, was sent to the 

 South; another, transformed to the white (gray) wolf, was sent to the 

 East; another, made into the eagle, was sent to the Zenith: still another, 

 converted into the shrew, was sent to the Nadir. Others were con- 

 verted into rattlesnakes that they might preside with wisdom over the 

 six regions; others into ants that they might scatter their houses over 

 the earth, these becoming the zoic gods of the A'shiwi. 



The Divine Ones, when leaving Shi'papolima, requested Po'shai- 

 yanki with his associate Na'ke'e and others to accompany them to 

 Hal'ona and initiate the A'shiwi into the mysteries of O'naya'nakia 

 (Mystery medicine). On reaching Hal'ona, the A'kwa a'mosi (makers 

 of medicine water) of the Shi'wannakwe and Ne'wekwe fraternities 

 were initiated into the order of Mystery medicine, and these afterward 

 initiated the others of their fraternities. The Divine Ones wishing 

 more fraternities, formed one composed of Na'ke'e and his wife and 

 another man. These initiated others into the mysteries of O'nay- 

 a'nakia and also of eating large coals of fire. This organization the 

 Divine Ones named Ma"ke 'Hlan'nakwe ((xreat Fire fraternity), 

 Na'ke'e becoming the original director. Having received the knowl- 

 edge of sword swallowing from A'chiyiila'topa (a being with wings 



a Pa'yatiimu of the Ne'wekwe fraternity must not be confounded with Pa'yntiiniu. thegod of music, 

 flowers, and Imtterflies, who lives in the spring Shun'te'lnaya, and is conspicuous in the myth of tl:e 

 Corn maidens. The flute of the former is unlike that of the latter. Pa'yatiimu of the Ne'wekwe phiys 

 the part of jester as well as that of musician, and he is represented on the altar in a dress of stripes in 

 party-color. Baubles ringed in party-color are the insignia of membership in the Ne'wekwe. The 

 earliest published mention of the harlequin that the writer has found is in "Saknntala," an Indian 

 drama by Kalida.sa, translated into English by Monier Williams. Organizatit)ns similar to the Ne'- 

 wekwe exi.st in the other pueblos. The Keres name is Ko'shairi, wliicli Bandelier translates delight- 

 makers. 



