STEVENSON] ORIGIN OF THE FRATERNITIES 411 



the visit of these gods and he was so anxious to see them that he 

 visited Clii'pia. He invited the six Shiiniai'koli, with tlieir wai'riors, 

 to Hal'ona. The invitation was accepted, and on the occasion of the 

 second visit the gods wore their masks. During- their stay they 

 initiated the man of the Po'yi'kwe clan wliom theytirst visited into the 

 secrets of their medicine, which is the panacea for convulsions and 

 cramps in the limbs,'' and they taught him the songs given them by 

 the Sun Father. These gods left their masks with the man. and lie 

 initiated others, forming a fraternity, which was named Shu'niaakwe. 

 A short time afterward, when the (xreat Fire fraternitv were assem- 

 bled in their ceremonial chamber, the three gods, Kok'koMdan'na (great 

 god — that is, of this particular group ot" gods). Shits'ukia, and Kwe'lele, 

 appeared from Chi'pia. Each god initiated a man of the fraternity- 

 into the secret of his medicine, which is the specific for swellings of 

 the throat, l)ody, or limbs. Tiie gods left their masks with those they 

 initiated, and these men in turn initiated others. 



The Ma'^ve *San'nakwe (Little Fire fraternity), though one of the 

 important fraternities, was not embraced in those organized at Hal'ona 

 or I'tiwanna, and it is generally believed by the sages of Zuiii that 

 this fraternity was adopted by them from the Hopi Indians.'^ 



The main body of Mu"kwe (Hopis) left the Corn clan and, after 

 various vicissitudes, settled on three mesas. The Corn clan remained 

 for a long period where they hrst settled, and while at this first village 

 they were visited by two A'shiwi (Zunis), one a member of the Badger 

 clan, the other ])elonging to the Frog clan, whose members could kill 

 deer and antelope l)y simply throwing the medicine of the ^Siin'iakia- 

 kwe fraternity upon the game. The A'shiwi at this time were living 

 at Han'Hipinkia. and they had not as yet learned the secrets of Mystery 

 medicine from Po'shaiyanki. The two A'shiwi were warmly welcomed 

 by the Mu"kwe of the Corn clan and were permitted to observe the 

 marvelous feats of the members of the Little Fire fraternity. They 

 had never before seen anything like it, and said: "We wish to be 

 initiated into your fraternity." The mo'sona replied: "Very well; if 

 you wish it so.'" He received them into the order of It'sepcho (Jug- 

 glery). This fraternity was too covetous to divulge the secrets of more 

 than one order, for which the two A'shiwi paid nothing. On their 

 return to Han'^ipinkia eight others were initiated into the secrets of 

 It'sepcho. making ten members in all. This order, transmitted from 

 the Hopi Indians, existed, according to ZuPii ])elief. among the A'shiwi 

 before the organization of the fraternities by the Divine Ones at Hal'ona. 



a The limbs are rubbed with one kind of medicine and another medicine is drunk. 



b After long and careful investigation it was found that the sages are correct: that the members of 

 this fraternity were among those Zunis who separated at a remote period from their people, going to 

 live with thcHopis. This separation may have taken place previous to the occupation of Hiil'ona by 

 the Zuiiis. During Mr Stevenson's first visit to Zuni he was informed by many of the priests of the 

 pueblo that tlie middle village on the first mesa of the Hopis was known as a Zuili settlement. This 

 was subsequently conlirmed by information from the people of this Hopi village. 



