532 THE ZUNI INDIANS [eth. ann. 23 



The director of the Shu'maakwe fraternity must be of Po'yi'kwe 

 (Chaparral cock) clan and his pe'kwin must be a child of that clan.* 

 Other officers must be of *Ko"loktakwe (Sand-hill crane), Pi'chikwe 

 (Dog-wood) and Tji'kiakwe (Frog) clans, or children of these clans. 

 The officers have the septum of the nose pierced, this ceremony 

 occurring in the early morning, when the members at large hasten 

 to lap the blood as it flows from the wound. The piercing is done 

 with a splinter of archaic wood, a bundle of it being in the keeping 

 of the director of the fraternity. The aperture is plugged with a bit 

 of wood so perfectly fitted that it is scarcely perceptible. The plug is 

 removed for ceremonials, and the quill end of an eagle plume is thrust 

 through the opening.* Sometimes two plumes are worn on opposite 

 sides. A man having the septum pierced must observe continence for 

 one year. At the expiration of this time he captures a wood rat (neo- 

 toma), and roasting it eats it, that his blood may not be made impure 

 by terminating his period of continence.^ 



The director of the Shu'maakwe is also a shi'wanni (rain priest), his 

 clan being Po'yi'kwe, and he therefore has an et'tone. His deputy 

 and the warrior of his fraternit}^ are present at the ceremonies over 

 his et'tone. 



The Shu'maakwe possess in addition to their remedies for convulsions infaili])le 

 medicine for rheumatic affections and cramps of the limbs. This medicine is some- 

 thing more than fetishistic, and can be classed as bona fide materia medica. Tiie 

 medicines of this fraternity comprise a variety of plants, several of which, after being 

 ground, are compounded into small cakes and sun dried, and then used as medicine 

 internally and externally. The writer can testify to its efficacy in external use for 

 rheumatism, since it relieved her and also a member of her party after other medicines 

 failed. These cakes have a pungent odor. A number w'ere secured and deposited in 

 the National Museum. 



The Shu'maakwe, like other fraternities, invite women who are not 

 members to participate in the dance and in the grinding of medicines. 

 The director visits the houses of such women as he desires and invites 

 them to be present, giving each a small quantit}' of meal wrapped in 

 a corn husk. 



CEREMONIAL OF INITIATION INTO THE SHU'MAAKWE 



First day. The earl}^ part of the day is consumed in repainting and 

 erecting the tablet altar, working upon masks, and preparing prayer 

 plumes, in some instances the women painting their own plume sticks. 

 At 3 p. m. the a'kwamosi (maker of medicine water) draws a cloud 



"See List of clans. 



hThe wearing of the plumes through the septum is not confined to Shu'maakwe ceremonials. One 

 is priviliged to wear the plume in the ceremonies of any other fraternity in which he holds member- 

 ship, and it is usually displayed. 



•'It was observed that in a Hopi fraternity ceremonial bits of a charred mole were taken into the 

 mouths of the members during the night. The mole, it is understood, was used in ceremonials by 

 the early Japanese. 



