110 <i. MASPEKO^ 



start; unhappily it is in a part still imperfectly known, in 

 spite of the line works of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 

 and the maps leave spaces more or less entirely void of 

 names or topographical indications. The identifications 

 there have then a still more uncertain character than they 

 present in the regions already studied. 



On careful consideration, the forty and odd cartouches are 

 far from representing so many independent locahties. Many 

 of them contain, as Brugsch has seen, common names whi(;h 

 serve to designate characteristics of the ground. These 



Avords, preceded sometimes by a masculine article ^^ pa, or 

 feminine c^^ ta, form the first part of a name Avhose second 

 part is inscribed in another cartouche, with or without the 

 insertion of the Egyptian preposition wwva n. The most 

 often employed of these words is, with difterent spellings, 



2l]^(No. 71) Houqra, ^ ^\^ (No. 77) Harp-a, 



\I/ (](] (No. 94) Hagri, once more the same in plural 



or dual "HTP V\ ■=^N^ (No. 107) Ilaorima, Haqralma. 



Brugsch has seen here the Arabic word^r-isj^ stone* and 1 

 have adopted his interpretation.! It raises an objection of 

 the gravest : ^.^^^ is Arabic, and we are in Hebrew land. 

 The only laAvful equivalent of the Egyptian word would be 

 t^"^jn, which is found in some geographical passages of the 

 Talmud, and to which we attribute the sense, inclosure, ivall^ 

 from the root "y^Tl cinxit.X We may understand this word of 



hose great circles of stone, of which many exist still in 

 Arabia Petreea, and of which more than one vestige has 

 been discovered in the parts of the country whither the 



list of Sheshonq leads us.§ The second word "^ ^ JV 



iiagahou is comi^ared by Brugsch either to ^^^ Negeh, Hebrew, 



or to /jij nakh, or 'pass' of the Arabs. The same objection 



which has been raised against^^^^vs- avails equally against 



* Brugsch, GescMchte jEgyptens, p. 661-662. 

 t Maspero, in the Zeitschrift, 1880, p. 47. 



% H. Hildesheimer, Beitrdge zur Geographie PaUistinas, p. 67, sqq. 

 § See a very clear description in Palmer, The Desert of the L'xodus, 

 Vol. II, p. 320, sqq. 



