XVI BUREAU OF AMEEIOAN ETHNOLOGY 



The neighboring Zuhi Indians have a more highly 

 differentiated concept in that their "Cnlt of the Qnar- 

 ters" involves six directions (zenith and nadir in addi- 

 tion to the cardinal points) , yet the symbol retains the 

 original qnatern form, with two added elements so placed 

 as to destroy the symmetry of the figure. These in- 

 stances of diversity in symbol, and still greater diversity 

 in meaning of the symbol (or in the primary concept) , 

 might be mnltiplied almost indefinitely ; they merely give 

 some indication of the development of simple qnatern 

 symbols and of the complex and protean magma of 

 thought out of which they have been developed by simple 

 processes and easy steps. Incidentally the examples 

 marshaled corroborate and extend the law of activital 

 coincidences formulated in an early report of the Bureau ; 

 but the apiilications of the recent study are numerous and 

 useful, especially in their bearing on symbolism in gen- 

 eral and on the development of systems of counting. The 

 results of the study are incorporated in the Nineteenth 

 Report in the form of a brief paper entitled ' ' Primitive 

 Numbers/' 



During the earlier portion of the year Dr Fewkes ar- 

 ranged for publication a series of graphic representations 

 of the personages composing the Hopi pantheon, together 

 with full descriptions of the pictures and a discussion of 

 characteristic paraphernalia of the personages repre- 

 sented. The representations are in outline and color and 

 well illustrate the early stage in the development of 

 graphic art reached by the more advanced among the 

 aboriginal tribes ; hence they throw strong light on the 

 codices and other pictorial essays of the more southerly 

 tribes, especially those of Mexico, Central America, and 

 Peru. The pictures were executed by a native artist, 

 who was also a priest in the hieratic or sacred organiza- 

 tion through which the tribal mythology is maintained, 

 and each picture is a faithful reproduction of ancient 

 repi-esentations handed down thi-ough many generations. 

 The material has been published in the Twenty -first An- 

 nual Report, the original drawings being used as copy and 



