18 TWO summers' work in PrEBLO RUINS [ETH. ANN. 22 



The objective material coUeeted numbered 1,875 entries iu the 

 National Museum catalog, but since many of these entries include sev- 

 eral objects, the actual number of specimens obtained was somewhat 

 larger. The specimens were collected from the following localities: 



Homolobi - TOO 



Chevlon fork (Hopi name, Cakwabaiyaki) _ 635 



Chaves pass ( Hopi name , Tciibkwitcalobi ) 284 



Shumopovi 108 



Varions other ruins - - 97 



Other specimens were obtained from various ruins on the Little 

 Colorado, and from Mishongnovi, Awatobi, Sikyatki, and Old Walpi. 



By far the greatest number of specimens collected were objects 

 of a mortuary nature from the cemeteries. Although many of these 

 \vere broken in getting them out of the ground, it is estimated that 

 over one-half were entire, iuid fully two-thirds of the remainder 

 have been so well repaired that they answer all the purposes of the 

 student. The breakage was in part due to the inexperience of the 

 workmen, but most of the vases, bowls, and the like were fractured 

 by the earth, logs, or stones thrown on them iu the graves when they 

 were buried. Each bowl appeared to have formerly contained mor- 

 tuary offerings of some kind, as food, paints, or prayer-sticks, and it 

 was not rare to find food bowls piled up in nests one within another. 

 There is no conclusive evidence that any large number of vessels 

 were broken by design when interred. 



At the close of the archeological work on the ruins mentioned, the 

 author witnessed the Flute ceremony at Mishongnovi, and the Snake 

 dances at Oraibi, Shipaulovi, and Shumopovi. Some of his observa- 

 tions on the latter liave been published in the Sixteenth Annual 

 Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, and a short description 

 of the Mishongnovi Flute altars, observed in 1896, appeared in the 

 Journal of American Folk-Lore. The author also made a few studies 

 of the AValpi Flute observance, which supplemented those already 

 published elsewhere, and enabled him to prepare an extended memoir 

 on this important ceremonial as performed on the East mesa.* 



On his return to the railroad, after the close of the summer's work, 

 the author visited Zuni to prospect for ruins in anticipation of future 

 exploration, and made a flying trip to the pueblos Isleta, Saudia, and 

 Tesuki. A small collection of ethnological objects was made at these 

 pueblos, and other specimens were purchased at Santa Fe: these, con- 

 sisting of old paintings on skin fiom ancient pueblo missions, have 

 been presented to the National Museum. It is believed that there is 

 considerable material in the hands of traders or others in the South- 

 west, illustrative of the early mission period, which ought to find a 



"Besides the 1.824 specimens catalogued in the field .51 additional objects were entered in the 

 National Museum catalog. 

 fcSee Nineteenth Annual Report <if the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1900, part 2, p. 952-1011. 



