34 TWO summers' work in pueblo ruins [eth. ANN. 22 



rooms could be identifled as kivas, aud the plastering was, as a rule, 

 woru from the standing walls. 



The burials at Chaves pass differ considerably from those at Homo- 

 lobi and Chevlon. It was found that fiat stones with perforations 

 were not used in covering the burial cysts, but that logs — accessible 

 in this wooded region — were emploj'ed. The bodies of the dead Avere 

 extended at full length, and stones were laid at the head and feet. 

 Upon these stones a number of logs were placed parallel witli the 

 bodies, and on either end of these logs there were other stones, 

 generally bowlders, to hold them down. The body was thus covered 

 with a rude floor, over which soil is now found. 



The depth of burial varied considerably, and it was not rare to 

 find bodies 10 feet below the surface. The weight of soil above the 

 logs liad lieen so great, however, that they were pressed down upon 

 the mortuary bowls, and manj' of these fragile objects were thus 

 broken into fragments. 



Tliirty-oue skulls in good preservation were taken from the ceme- 

 teries at Chaves ijass. These are numbered in the National Museum 

 catalog from 157669 to 157699, inclusive; but a large number of skulls 

 and skeletons were abandoned, as they were in too poor a state of 

 preservation for craniometric study. The facial bones of several 

 crania from Chaves pass were stained green with carbonate of copper, 

 and tliere were traces of black pigment on others. 



The situation of the ruins at Chaves i^ass, which are, as has been 

 stated, practical^ on the trail from the Little Colorado valley to the 

 Verde, naturally leads to a comparison of the pottery objects from 

 the two localities. Fortunately, a considerable collection of Verde 

 valley pottery made by Dr Palmer is now in the Smithsonian Institu- 

 tion, and affords abundant material for a comparative study. There 

 is so marked a similarity between the ancient pottery from Chaves 

 pass and that from the Verde ruins, which in turn is related to that 

 of the Gila-Salado basin, that it almost amounts to identity. It 

 would be impossible from the character and color, as well as from 

 the decoration of the mortuary ware from these two regions, to dis- 

 tinguisli them. The same red ware with rude geometric decorations 

 exists in both valleys. There is no doubt that the ancient people of 

 the Verde valley were closely related to the builders of Casa Grande 

 and the ancient dwellings near Tempe." 



Ruins Betvpeex AVinslow and the Hopi Pueblos 



Under this heading are included the remains of habitations on the 

 banks of the Little Colorado and its tributaries which were visited on 

 trips from Winslow to Tiisayan. The author followed the river for 

 many miles in order to avoid the Moqui butte, and while he did not 



a The ruins in the upper Gila valley, called Pueblo Viejo, were found in explorations in 1897 to 

 be of the same character as those of Chaves pass and Verde valley. 



