56 TWO summers' WORK IN PUEBLO RUINS [eth. ann. 22 



some likeness between the ruins at Chaves pass and tlie lav^a I'uinS 

 near ]>lack falls. In this connection it may be stated that there is 

 also a large ruin near Homolol)i built of lava blocks on a lava mesa. 



The racial and clan kinship of t he former inliabitants of tiiese pueb- 

 los is somewhat pri)l)lematic, but it is (iuite likely that the people 

 Avere akin to the llopis. This is shown not only l>y the character of the 

 houses, but also by the pottery and various other objects found near 

 them. Both legendary and archeological evidences jioint to the con- 

 clusion that the people who once inhabited the iiueblos near IJlack 

 falls came from tlie north, and were related to those who once lived in 

 cliff houses and other habitations on the Rio Colorado and its tribu- 

 tary, the San .Tuan. llopi legends say that the Snake clans fcn-merly 

 lived atTokonalji, on the Rio Colorado, and that they migrated south- 

 ward and l>uilt a pueblo about 50 miles west of the present Ilopi 

 towns, which they called Wukoki. This pueblo, it is said, still lias 

 higli-standing walls. The direction and distance of tlie Black falls 

 ruins from ^^'all>i correspond pretty closely with those given in the 

 legend, and while it may not be passible to identify any single ruin of 

 this cluster as Wukoki, the traditional Wukoki of Ilopi legend is not 

 far from Black falls. The tradition that the inhabitants of these 

 ruins came from the north is supported by the close resemblance in 

 character and decoration between their pottery and that of the San 

 Juan ruins. 



It might naturally be supposed that there would be a close likeness 

 between the pottery of the Black falls ruins and that of Ilomolobi, 

 and that kinship once existed between the inhabitants of these 

 pueblos on the same river. Close study, however, shows marked 

 differences, and" the author is led to the belief that while both were 

 pueblo people, and, therefore, similar in culture, the clans which 

 inhabited Ilomolobi were not the same as those which lived in the Black 

 falls villages. The clans which lived at Ilomolobi came from the far 

 south, through Chaves pass, while tho.se at Wukoki came from the 

 opposite d irection. Both evidently sought refuge in the llopi pueblos, 

 where their descendants now live together. The clans from Ilomolobi 

 were tlie Patki, Patun, and Tabo (Piba), whose route to the ITopi 

 towns was bj' a trail which extends directly north past the "Giant's 

 chair." The clans fi'om Wukoki were the Tciia and others who 

 migrated almost eastward when they sought their home in Tusayan. 



OBJECTS FROM THE LITTLE COLORADO RUINS 



Pottery 



general fe.\tures 



The mortuary pottery from the three ruins, Ilomolobi, Chevlon, 

 and Cliaves pass, is distinctive and typical, with general resem- 

 blances to that from other localities. As a rule it is more varied in 

 chai-acier than that from the true Tusayan ruins, Sliumopovi, Awatobi, 



