96 



TWO SUMMERS WORK IN PUEBLO RUINS 



[ETH. ANN. 22 



Horn Objects 



Two fragments of bone or liorn for which the author is iinable to 

 assign any use were dug up at Cliaves pass. One of these was per- 

 forated, and had a number of indentations on the edge imparting to 

 it the appearance of a fire board. It may have been used in kindling 

 fires. 



Two fragments of deer horn were found in one grave. These were 

 more or less worn, and one of tlie Ilopis is responsible for the infor- 

 mation that chips of similar horns are at the present day drunk with 

 water as a medicine. "The deer," he says, " has a good heart." 



Pigments 



The eiistom of placing a small earthern vessel with different col- 

 ored pigments with the dead was practiced by the people of Chaves 



pass, Chevlon ruin, Homolobi, and 

 Old Shumopovi. The pigments used 

 were the same as those now employed, 

 and had apparently the same cere- 

 monial significance. As these sub- 

 stances are now highly prized, and as 

 there is every reason to suppose that 

 they were regarded in the same way 

 in ancient times, the burial of pig- 

 ments with the dead may have been 

 of the nature of a sacrifice. 



Some of the modern Shvimopovi 

 Indians begged for fi'agments of 

 green carbonate of copper which 

 were found in the graves of their 

 ancestors, for use in painting their 



ceremonial objects and for other purposes. 



Specimens of red paint (sesquioxide of iron), blue paint (azurite), 



green paint (carbonate of copper), and 



white paint (kaolin) were found at the 



various ruins visited. Some were ground, 



while others were in lumps occasionally in 



the form of a cylinder or disk. 



In his account of the ruins of Sikyatki 



the axithor called attention to objects in 



the forms of disks, cylinders, and the like, 



which wei-e found in cemeteries of that 



ancient pueblo. Their uses were said to 



be problematic and he now has to record the finding of other objects 



of the same nature and form which are e(|ually enigmatic (figure 59). 



One of these from Homolobi is a hemispherical fi-agment of kaolin, 



Fio. nS. Disk of turtle shell, from Chevlon 

 (number 1578411. Diameter nearly 3 

 inohes. 



Km;. .59. Kaolin cup from Chaves 

 pass (number 1.57B28). 



