FEWKEs] OBJECTS FROM LITTLE COLORADO RUINS 111 



tants of the Chaves pass ruins, and a single speeimeu was ailded to the 

 author's collection from these ancient towns. 



A few fragments of a bird's egg, too broken to be accurately iden- 

 tified, were collected in a grave at Homolobi. This was possibly an 

 eagle's egg, and it may be mentioned that in certain Hopi ceremonials 

 at the present day imitations of eagles' eggs made of wood are at 

 times placed in modern shrines. The author has no knowledge, how- 

 ever, of a modern mortuary use of birds' eggs, but suspects that the 

 egg of the turkey, which we know was domesticated hy the ancient 

 pueblo people, may have been eaten bj' them. If this supposition be 

 well founded, the fragment of birds' eggs in a grave at Homolobi may 

 be a remnant of food offerings. 



A single specimen of galena was taken from a. grave at Chaves pass. 

 This mineral was pi'obably used as a pigment, but it is not common, 

 and is not used by the modern Hopis in painting the body or any of 

 their ceremonial paraphei'ualia. 



A small copper bell was found in a grave at Chaves pass. This 

 object is shown in figure 67, from two faces. It was apjjarently 

 formed of beaten native coppei-, but the ej'elet would seem to indicate 

 a knowledge of soldering. One side was so broken that a small spher- 

 ical body which served as a clapper could be 

 easily seen. The metal was much corroded, 

 but not so much as to prevent the bell emit- 

 ting a sound when shaken. 



Among other miscellaneous objects taken 

 by the author were a fragment of jjotter's clay pig. 67. Copper beii from 



. TTii' 11 11 1 1 Chaves pass. Diameter 



from Homolobi, a sulphur nodule and several about {inch. 

 dried lizard tails from Chaves pass, a frag- 

 ment of asphalt and some perforated cedar berries from Chevlon. 



Several rectangular fragments of red pipe clay, one of which was 

 perfoi-ated as though for suspension, were found at Homolobi. 



The object of the large and small rectangular or trapezoidal plates 

 of mica and selenite found at Homolobi and at Chevlon, in graves and 

 elsewhere, was not wholly clear. No specimen, however, was brought 

 back from Chaves pass, and no natural deposits of selenite were 

 noticed in the latter locality. 



RUINS OF OLD SHUMOPOVI 



General Features 



Although in the report of the author's excavations at Awatobi and 

 Sikyatki, in 1895, an extended account has been given of the arche- 

 ology of pueblos near the East mesa, no woi-k was done on the numer- 

 ous ruins at Oraibi and the Middle mesa. The author was particu- 

 larly auxious to compare pottery from some of these ruins with the 

 beautiful series which had been collected in 1895 at Sikyatki, espe- 



