112 TWO summers' work in pueblo ruins [eih. a.sn.22 



cially as numerous specimens had been sold to traders from Old 

 Sliumopovi, and almost all of these were identical with those from 

 the East mesa. 



There is evidence that Shumopovi was one of the oldest settlements 

 on the Middle mesa, but the legends of this pueblo have never been 

 carefully studied, and the component clans are practically unknown. 

 The pueblo stood in the foothills near a spring when the Spaniards 

 first came into the eountrj^, and its name can easily be recognized in 

 Espejo's list of Hopi towns at the end of the sixteenth century. 



There is a uniformity in statements that the founder of Oraibi, 

 Matcito, lived in Shumopovi before he sought the cave where he lived 

 when Oraibi was built, and probably Shipaulovi was founded by 

 clans fi-om it in the eighteenth century. The size of the old ruin 

 shows that in ancient times it had a large ijopulation. 



The record of work at Old Shumopovi can be given in a few 

 lines. Foi- several j'cars it has been known that a wealth of beautiful 

 potter}^ lies buried in the cemeteries of that ruin (plate Lli). That 

 the number of objects destined to be removed from this place is large 

 is probable from the great size of the cemeteries find the small portion 

 of tliem which has yet been dug over. The author therefore began 

 work with high hopes of a great harvest. About twenty Indian 

 workmen from the East mesa and a few from Shumopovi were 

 employed as excavators, and in the first two days of work they took 

 out of the burial places over one hundred specimens. 



On the evening of the second day the chief of Shumopovi, Nacihip- 

 tewa, went to the camp of the workmen and forbade them to continue 

 the work. It seems that the chiefs of the three villages, Mishongnovi, 

 Shipaulovi, and Shumopovi, had assembled in council on the night of 

 the author's arrival and decided that his work should not go on. 

 For some reason they had not communicated their wishes to the 

 author, but went directly to the Indians, working on their feelings 

 and threatening them with trouble if they continued excavating. As 

 soon as the author learned of the objection he immediatel}' called a 

 council of the chiefs at his camp, and leai'ned from Nacihiptiwa that 

 he did not wish the work to go on, fearing that it would cause great 

 winds which would drive away tlie rain clouds. The author respected 

 liis wishes and ceased work at Shumopovi, discharging his workmen. 

 Had he been able to comiilete the work at this ruin there is little 

 doubt that over a tliousand l)owls could have been taken from the 

 burial places of that ancient pueblo. 



It would appear from the examination of the Shumopovi cemeteries 

 that they were distiibuted among the foothills east of the main spring 

 of the ijresent town. From the quantities of broken pottery in this 

 region, it is evident that their extent was very considerable*. In some 

 instances burial places were separated a considerable distance from 

 the ruins of the pueblo, in others they were quite near the founda- 

 tion of the walls. 



