FEWKEs] EXPEDITION OF 1897 121 



gation. The collections of 1897 niimbor ;i few short of 1,000 entries 

 in the catalog of the National Museum. In gathering this material 

 the greatest care was taken to label it properly. Neglect of this 

 obvious duty has destroyed much of the intrinsic value of many col- 

 lections, and has led to errors in conclusions which might readilj' have 

 been avoided. 



The present report completes the record of notes and other data 

 bearing on the collections made in the three years during which the 

 author has had the honor to direct field work in the Southwest for the 

 Smithsonian Institution. There are many obscure points touched 

 upon which would be greatly illuminated were it possible to continue 

 this line of investigation. So closely connected, however, are the 

 archeological and ethnological problems of the Southwest that the 

 former can not be exhaustivelj- treated while the latter are so imper- 

 fectly solved. 



PLAN OF THE EXPEDITION 



The summer's field work of 1896 verified by archeological evi- 

 dences the truth of the statements of the Hopis that some of their clans 

 once lived at Ilomolobi on the banks of the Little Colorado, not far 

 from Winslow, Arizona. It was desirable to study several other 

 ruins on this river or its tributaries, and to compare ob.jects indicative 

 of the culture of their ancient people with those of this undoubted 

 home of early Hopi clans. The author therefore examined ruins 

 near Pinedale, on a small southern tributary of this stream near its 

 source in the foothills of the White mountains. While employed at 

 this ruin he heard of an extensive, undescribed ruin near the Mormon 

 town Snowflake, situated on the same stream as Pinedale, but farther 

 north. These ruins at Pinedale and Snowflake are almost on the 

 meridian of modern Walpi and the mouth of the San Pedro river in 

 the Gila valley. 



There is historical evidence that at one time the Hopis iised a 

 southern trail from their pueblo to the Gila, penetrating to the ranch- 

 erias of the San Pedro, and that this trail was rendered impassable 

 b3' the incursions of hostile Apaches in comparatively late historical 

 times. An examination of old pueblos situated on or near this 

 trail was believed to have considerable importance in connection 

 with legends and with historical evidences that it was used by pueblo 

 peoples. 



Having studied the archeology of the ruins on southern tribu- 

 taries of the Little Colorado, the author nuide his way south of 

 the White mountains to that part of the Gila valley which is locally 

 known as Pueblo Viejo, an archeologically uninvestigated region 

 which was formerly densely populateil and extensively farmed. He 

 desired to discover the relationship of the former people of this vallej- 

 with those of the Little Colorado, as well as with those of the Gila 

 and Salado rivers, near Tempe and Phoenix. He likewise wished to 



