126 TWO summers' WoHK in pueblo ruins [eth. ass. 22 



vation. The same may be said of round rooms or kiv^as. When, how- 

 ever, we enter tlie Ziifii belt, which extends from the Saa Juau and 

 Mancos canyon cliff honses south through Zuni, we find both circular 

 and rectangular ruins, with circular rooms especially noticeable in 

 the cliff houses. Kintiel is one of these, and architectnrally, there- 

 foi-e, belongs to the Zuiii series, as its geographical position and pottery 

 clearly indicate. 



Kintiel is not, however, perfectly round, but is broader than long, 

 assuming a shape comparable with that of a moth with extended 

 wings. The two sides were built on sloping land, and between them 

 there runs a depression corresponding to the body of the insect of our 

 comparison. This median depression is at right angles to the broad- 

 est part of the ruin, and in it is the spring which furnished the water 

 supply. The present occupant of the ruin, an Indian trader, has 

 erected his buildings within theinclosure of the ruin near this depres- 

 sion, and has dug out the ancient spring, which furnishes abundant 

 water for his purposes. In excavating this siiring he found the 

 inclosing walls still intact, with a flight of stone steps bj' which the 

 ancients once descended to the water. Notwithstanding sanitary 

 objections to such a position for the spring, especially when the 

 population of the surrounding houses was large, from a defensive 

 point of view it was perfect. The violation of sanitary laws among 

 the modern pueblo peoples implies that among the ancients there was 

 little regard paid to health in the choice of a water supply, and little 

 care in keeping the water pure. 



Extensive excavations at Kintiel revealed a cemetery on the eastern 

 side of the northern section. The burials were made close u^) to the 

 outer walls of the buildings, as at Ilomolobi, but no uniformity in the 

 orientation of the bodies was noted. No undoubted evidences of cre- 

 mation were detected, and all skeletons exhumed were from subur- 

 ban cemeteries. A limited number of siiecimens of mortuary pottery 

 was obtained in the neighborhood of these skeletons. Many of these 

 specimens were broken, but others were whole and in good condition. 



The author is inclined to regard Kintiel as a comparatively modern 

 pueblo, one of many which were founded later than the earliest Sjianish 

 invasions. One reason which led to this conclusion is the fine pres- 

 ervation of the buildings. Up to within a decade they had not the 

 appearance of antiquitj- which old ruins always show, nor are there 

 now any large refuse heaps or pottery burning places, which so often 

 indicate great age, about it. The few graves in the cemeteries and 

 the distance apart of those which do exist may be regarded as negative 

 evidence of limited value, for it may be said that we may not have 

 happened upon the populous graveyards. Yet nuich more earth was 

 moved in the excavations than at Ilomolobi, and only a tenth as many 

 interments were brought to light, and the natural infei-ence is that 

 the pueblo was not old. Nothing, however, indicative of white men's 



