128 TWO summers' work in pueblo ruins [eth. axn.22 



animal shapes, with head, eyes, and mouth represented. Similar col- 

 lections of stones are common near the appi'oaehes to tlie modern 

 Hopi towns and are ordinarily called shrines of the god of death, 

 Masauu. It is customary for a Hopi Indian, on approaching the 

 pueblo, to throw on these piles any small stone he may have found, and 

 in much the same way, no doubt, the pile of stones found at Kintiel was 

 formed, for this same custom of casting stones in a pile exists at 

 Zuiii, the pueblo to whose people those of Kintiel were allied. 



Just south of tlie two standing sections of wall tliere was a cluster 

 of stone cysts, probably ancient ovens. They varied in size from 1 

 foot or 2 feet square to larger dimensions — G Ijy 3 feet. Charred 

 wood and ashes were found in some of these, and the bounding stones 

 showed the action of fire. These structures reminded one of the 

 suburban, communal ovens, which have been described" in tlie Zuiii 

 ruin, lleshotauthla. The commuiial ovens at the latter ruin, lilvc 

 those at Kintiel, are situated just outside the walls of the pueblo, 

 but unlike them tliey are, as a rule, i-ouud, and of equal size. It 

 would appear that cooking was done in these ovens rather than in 

 the dwelling houses. The llopi food called pikarae, made for cere- 

 monial feasts, is still cooked outside the dwellings, and the Zuiiis 

 likewise have ovens separated from their houses, as is common in 

 Mexican towns in the Southwest. 



The cemeteries east of Kintiel revealed many skeletons in fair 

 preservation, and it was noticed that those near the surface were 

 mostly of infants, the adults, as a rule, being found deeper. The 

 first skeleton excavated was that of an infant buried under a flat 

 stone 2 feet below the surface. The grave had mortuary objects 

 in the foi'in of a few miniature rough bowls and a small jar of coiled 

 ware. As the excavations penetrated deeper, there were found nianj^ 

 fragments of pottery, broken ladle handles, ashes, and other indica- 

 tions that this was the dump place of the neighboring pueblo, the 

 outer wall of Avhich was 50 feet away. 



One of the most instructive burials at Kintiel was found in the east 

 cemetery. This was interpreted as a secondary interment. It con- 

 sisted of human bones stripped of flesh and deposited in the earth 

 with customarj' mortuary vessels. The reason for the belief that 

 these bones were not covered with flesh when the bowls were placed 

 upon them is that their position was not that which they would have 

 had if articulated. The femurs were placed in the reverse of the 

 natural position, and a humerus was found crossing the femur. No 

 skull or pelvis was found in the grave. A flat earthen disk was luted 

 to the neclc of a vase placed on the bones, and there was a food bowl 

 near by. 



"Journal of American Ethnology and Arcbieology, vol. 1, isyi, p. 133. 



