134 TWO summers' work in pueblo ruins [eth. ANN. 22 



Bone objects — awls, needles, bodkins, and the like — were numerous. 

 Bone tubes of different sizes were likewise foimd, and a small bone 

 gouge accompanied one of the skeletons. 



Fifteen well-preserved human skulls, excavated from the Kintiel 

 cemetery, were brought to Washington. 



KINNA ZINDE 



If we compare the Zunian and Tusayan meridian zones of ruins 

 architecturally, we find that they closely resemble each other, or, if 

 there is any one feature wliich distinguishes them as groups, it is the 

 pi'edominance in the former of circular ruins. Circular ruins are 

 absent in the Tusayan series, while more than a third of tlie Zuni 

 series of ruins are round, oval, circular, or semicircular — rectangular 

 and round combined. The cause of this predominance is unknown, 

 for the explanations which have been advanced to account for round 

 ruins in the Zuiii belt would seem to be equally applicable to the 

 Tusayan belt, where round i-uins are absent. 



Not far from Kintiel tliere is a small, well-preserved ancient house 

 called by the Navahos Kinna Zinde. This i-uin is in a good state of 

 preservation, the stone walls rising high above the foundations. 



As seen from one side Kinna Zinde looks like a rouiul tower, such 

 as are found elsewheie in the Zuni belt of ruins. A closer examina- 

 tion, however, reveals the fact that only one end of this ruin is round, 

 the remainder being rectangular. 



The ruin is situated on a sliglit elevation overlooking a fertile plain. 

 Flooring indicative of two stories is visible, and the poles of an old 

 ladder by which there was formerly communication from one story 

 to another are still in place. These poles were notched for the inser- 

 tion of rungs. 



The author was struck with the scarcity of pottery fragments and 

 other refuse in the neighborhood, and it was concluded that this 

 building had not been inhabited for any considerable time. It showed 

 no signs of age, and probably was contemijoiary with Kintiel, which 

 is a few miles away. Kinna Zinde was possibly only a summer farm 

 home, peopled by farmers from Kintiel, comparable with Pescado or 

 Ojo Caliente on the Zuiii reservation. In winter the inhabitants 

 retired to Kintiel, and in summer Ihe.y used Kinna Zinde as a pro- 

 tected outlook over their farms. Its position was well chosen for this 

 purpose, and it was abandoned at about the same time as Kintiel. 



RUINS NEAR HOLBROOK 



There are few remains of ancient pueblos near Holbrook, Arizona, 

 and the Hopi trail from that town to Jeditoh valley is not known to 

 pass any considerable ruin. The author has always lieen .astonished 

 that the fine spring at Bitarhiitce, the Red cliffs, about 40 miles 

 from Holbrook, on the road to the Hopi towns, appears never to have 



