166 



TWO SUMMERS WORK IN PTTEBLO RUINS 



[ETH. ANN. 22 



FlO. UB. 



Piucdali 



town might be either l)y linUlers, whicli could be ili-awn on 

 tlie roofs, or tlirough l)reaks in the walls or gateways. 



The circular form of l)uikling would be a natural evolu- 

 tion of this form of a fortified pueblo, a survival of a plan 

 of encampment adopted by nomadic Indians, as others 

 have pointed out. No doubt sociological and other rea- 

 sons also played a part in the circular arrangement of 

 houses inhabited by different clans, but the princi- 

 pal cause was the need of defense. 



Collections 



From one of tlie cemeteries of the larger Pine- 

 dale ruin several skeletons were exhumed. It was 

 situated close to the outer wall, as at Homolobi 

 and Chevlou, and the skeletons were accompanied 

 with mortuary pottery. There was no good evi- 

 dence that the ancients in this pueblo burned their 

 dead, and logs or stones were not found over them 

 as at Chaves pass. This was surprising in so well 

 wooded a region. The liodies were not, apparentl}', 

 wrapxied in matting. 



The pottery is essentiallj' the same as that taken 

 from ruins farther down on the Little Coloi'ado, 

 and the decorative symbols are much the same 

 as at Four-mile ruin. With the exception of a pic- 

 ture of a bird on the interior of a food bowl, and 

 several more conventionalized bird designs on the 

 exterior of another, no animal pictures were found. 

 The majority of the decorations were of the geo- 

 metrical type. Rough ware and decorated i>ottery 

 occurred in about eciual proportions. One of the 

 most Ijeautif ul specimens of I'ed ware obtained 

 in 1897 was exhumed at Pinedale. The 

 decorations, both interior and exterior, were 

 well made and the ware itself was of the 

 finest type. Mr Zuck discovered this ceme- 

 tery of the ancient Pinedale ruin in the year 

 isoi'i, and removed from it sevei'al vessels 

 which will compare well with any yet found 

 in the Little Colorado basin. There is evi- 

 dence, therefore, that as we leave the river 

 the pottery does not deteriorate. 



Several forms of bone implements were 

 obtaiiied from the excavations at Pinedale 

 ruin. These came chiefly from the former 

 dwelling rooms, and were rarely found in the 

 cemeteries. They consist of awls, bodkins, 



1^ 



•ST'-'' 



Bone implement from 

 ruin (uumlier 17l>ytJ4 '. 



