168 TWO summers' WOKK IX PUEB-LO RUINS [eth. ans. 22 



more southwest of this ruin there is still another, much smaller, 

 crowning a hill top, with evidences of a considerable former popula- 

 tion. Many fragments of poTlery were strewn over the surface of the 

 ground, and a few foundation walls were traced, especially on the 

 highest point of the hill, hut none of these rose above the surface of 

 the mounds.. The general character of all these ruins is the same as 

 that of the Little Colorado series. 



RUINS IX PUEBLO VIEJO 



The Valley axd its History — General Features of the Ruins 



It will be seen by an examination of a map of Arizona that the 

 ruins at Pinedale and Stott's ranch are very near the .sources of some 

 of tlie southern tributaries of the Little Colorado. They are situated 

 higli up on the northern foothills of the mountain area, the White 

 mountains, wliieh high lands constitute the watershed between the 

 Gila and Little Colorado drainage areas. Although the distance is, 

 comparatively speaking, short in a direct line from the sources of the 

 tributaries of these two rivers, the intervening country is very broken 

 and in places is imi^as.sable. It is especially desirable from an ethno- 

 logical point of view to examine whatever ruins may exist in that 

 region, since they maybe i-egarded as frontier settlements of ancient 

 peoples which, Avith many points in common, have many differences; 

 but the author did not lind it possible to do this. 



It was, however, possible to take up the problem whether there is 

 a close likeness between the ancient culture of the L'pper Gila and 

 that of the people who lived near Phoenix and Tempe. The autlior 

 went around the White mountains, via the Southern Pacific rjiilroad, 

 and approached the Gila from the south. The section of this valley 

 chosen for archeological study is almost directly south of Pinedale, 

 and is locally known as Pueblo Viejo. 



The name Pueblo Viejo is given to a poi-tion of the valley of the 

 Gila from Pima to San Jose, between Mount Graham and the Bouita 

 mountains, forming the greater part of Graliam county, Arizona. 



This vallej' was traversed by the "Army of the West " in 1847, and 

 the attention of Americans was first called to it by the reports of 

 Emory and Johnston, in their " Xotes on a Military Reconnoissance," 

 published by Congress shortly afterward. These reports mention the 

 antiquities of the valley, and have remained for fifty yeai-s the only 

 available accounts of them. These authors refer to and figure some of 

 the characteristic fragments of pottery, and speak of circular ruins. 

 Ko remains of circular buildings can now be detected, and the author 

 has grave doubts that the circular form of buildings ever existed in 

 this region. The circular structures were more likelj' reservoirs. 



This valley was probably known to Spanish explorers as far back 

 as the seventeenth, and possiblj' the sixteenth, century. The com- 



