FEWKEs) PUEBLO VIEJO RUINS 173 



Biiena Vista is more like tliose nortli of tlie Wliite mountains and 

 resembles closely the rectangular ruin at Pinedale. We have in the 

 Buena Vista ruin resemblances to both the lower Gila ruins and 

 those of the southern tributaries of the ujiper Little Colorado. 



Thus far in his archeological studies the author has failed to find 

 in the belt of Arizona ruins from Sikyatki south to the Gila any 

 rooms which he can positivelj' identifj- as kivas or ceremonial cham- 

 bers. As is well known, however, each of the modern Ilopi pueblos 

 has one or more of these rooms, though some of the important -secret 

 ceremonies in the modern Ilopi pueblos are performed not in special 

 kivas, but in tlie oldest homes of the clans. 



There was no room found in the Pueblo Viejo ruins which could be 

 called a special ceremonial room, and in the large ruins at Chevlon, 

 Ilomolobi, aud Chaves pass no undoubted kivas were found. The 

 room described in the preceding account of Four-mile ruin may, how- 

 ever, be regarded as a ceremonial chamber. The kiva, as we now 

 find it in Tusayan, is a late innovation, and was probably introduced 

 from the eastern pueblos. Its existence in Four-mile ruin maj' be 

 accounted for by the position of this ruin. 



Other Ruins 



Many objects of potterv have been dug up near the San Jose 

 settlement, and there are oue or two mounds near by indicative of 

 ancient dwellings. If there ever was a large cluster of mounds on the 

 present site of the town, they have been wholly obliterated by its 

 iuliabitants. 



There is a mound of some size on the right bank of the irrigating 

 ditch, just as one enters the town from Solomonville, but one side of 

 it has been worn away by freshets from the San Simon. It serves as 

 a protection for the neighljoring farm, which lies between it and the 

 river, and on that account the owner refused to allow it to be dug 

 away. A few days' labor at this ruin would bring to light objects of 

 archeological value, for a beautiful vase rewarded an hour's superfi- 

 cial scratching of the exposed bank. One of the finest oUas obtained 

 from the Pueblo Viejo was purcha.sed from a San Jose man, who dug it 

 out of this mound while working at Buena Vista. As charred human 

 bones were found in it, this vase, figured in i^late lxix c, is regarded 

 as a cinerarj' urn. 



Tliere were formerly several mounds indicating ruins near Thacher, 

 but these have been mostly leveled aud can not now be traced. A 

 number of mounds are still visible at Mr D. Olney's ranch, and lines 

 of stones, the foundations of ancient walls, can still be traced in the 

 road in front of Mr Lem Place's liouse. The large mounds on Mr 

 Peter Anderson's farm have been destroyed, and tliei-e are many 

 others near it which have met the same fate. It may be said that in 

 ancient times the houses of the aborigines dotted the valley through- 



