fewkes] b0ins visited in 1897 187 



Shell Ornaments from Pueblo Viejo 



Several specimens, generally ornaments, carved out of Haliotis, 

 Conns, or Pectunculus shells, were collected iu the Pueblo Viejo 

 ruins. The largest of these were armlets and wristlets. Shells cut in 

 the form of animals are among the characteristic objects of the Gila- 

 Salado ruins, and occur in all great collections from this region. We 

 find various animals represented, as lizards, birds, rabbits, and 

 snakes, as well as circles, crosses, rectangles, and the like. They are 

 ordinarily perforated — generally at the eye, sometimes at the heart, 

 of the animal represented. The universality of this perforation 

 implies suspension, and the author believes that it will later be found 

 that they were worn on the neck or body. It is not improbable that 

 they were personal fetislies, jjossibly representing totems. 



CLIFF HOUSES ON BONITA CREEK 



There are many cliff houses and other ruins of aboriginal dwell- 

 ings in a fair state of preservation along Bonita creek, 18 miles north 

 of Solomonville. A very good account of these, written by Professor 

 William Stone Devol, of Tucson, has been published, with a half-tone 

 illustration, in the Graham County Bulletin. These remains would 

 repay more extensive study and no doubt yield collections of consid- 

 erable archeological value. These cliff houses resemble in general 

 character those near Silver City, New Mexico. 



RUINS IN THE FOOT HILLS OF MOUNT GRAHAM 



There are many ruins, mostly small, on the mesas and foot hills 

 of Mount Graham, having the same general character as those 

 lower down the valley, near the river. The fragments of potterj^ 

 strewn about upon tliem are identical with those from the mounds 

 of the plain, and there is reason to believe they were made by the 

 same people. While these luins occur at several places on the mesa 

 and hills at the base of Mount Graham, that at the place called Cie- 

 nega is one of the largest, but it does not differ radically from those 

 of the banks of the Gila. 



SACRIFICIAL CAVES 



The use of caves for ceremonial purposes was a feature in the life 

 of the ancient people of Pueblo Viejo. The mountains near the 

 Pueblo Viejo have manj^ caves suitable for this purpose. They occur 

 in limited number near the modern Hopi pueblos and elsewhere north 

 of the Mogollones. 



The author visited one of these sacrificial caves in the Graham 

 mountains, and found many evidences of its former ceremonial use. 

 There were bushels of prayer sticks on tlie floor, and a few fragments 

 of basketry, but no pottery or earthenware rewarded the search. 



