THE BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS OF AFRICA. 229 
vals, and can now be bought by those who are willing to pay 
a high price for it, which was not the case a few years ago. 
Iam not aware, however, that anything authentic has yet 
been recorded respecting its habits. Smeathman’s observa- 
tions on the subject, quoted by Drury, are said to have been 
intended to apply to Charaxes Pollux, and not to Papilio 
Antimachus; and one account of a later capture, which 
I remember reading, looks as if it were only an imitation of 
Mr. Wallace’s well-known account of his capture of Orni- 
thoptera Creesus. 
I have already mentioned Dunaus Chrysippus as an in- 
habitant of nearly the whole of Africa. This insect is very 
remarkable for the number of butterflies and moths belonging 
to other groups more or less resembling it. Among these 
are the females of Hypolimnas Misippus and Papilio Trophonius, 
as well as Huphedra Hleus, and H. Ruspina, Aletis Helcita, &c. 
Among the Lycenide, Africa possesses many species of 
Blues similar to Huropean species, and also various genera 
of Blues, Coppers, and Hairstreaks, either peculiar to itself 
or found elsewhere only in South-western or Southern Asia. 
Besides these, there are many genera peculiar to Africa, 
which have no close allies elsewhere, such as Awxiocerces, 
Pentila, Liptena, Hpitola, &c. 
Turning to the Pierine, or White Butterflies, we find many 
genera which are almost peculiar to Africa. Orange Tips of 
the genus Teracolus are extremely numerous, and one species 
is even found in Algeria. They are not quite confined to 
Africa, however, for a few species are met with in India. The 
delicate satiny-white or pale yellow butterflies belonging to 
the genus Belenows and its allies, are likewise very characteristic 
of Africa and Madagascar. 
The Papilionine are only represented in Africa by the 
genus Papilio, of which, however, many interesting species 
are met with, both on the Hast and West Coasts. We 
have already referred to P. Ridleyanus and Antimachus ; 
but among the most remarkable species are those allied 
to P. Merope. The males are cream-coloured butterflies 
with black markings, and long tails on the hind wings, 
—true swallow-tail butterflies, in fact; but the females 
are tailless, and both in shape and colour much resemble 
various African species of the genera Danaus and Amauris, 
belonging to the sub-family Danaine of the Nymphalidae, 
which have structurally no very close relationship with the 
Papilionide. However, in the case of some species of the 
Merope group found in Madagascar and Eastern Africa, the 
females closely resemble the males in shape as well as in 
