240 JOSEPH JOHN MURPHY 
reason, but becomes in turn a new link in the growth of 
reason.” 
As organization is necessary to any high development of life, 
so is language necessary to any high development of thought. 
But it is an exaggeration to say, with Prof. Max Miiller, 
that thought cannot exist without language. As life precedes 
organization and produces it, so thought precedes language 
and produces it. We often have a thought in the mind for 
an appreciable time,—sometimes a long time,—before we 
succeed, to use an expressive colloquialism, in “ getting it 
into shape” by formulating it in words. Tennyson’s lines 
describing the conversation of intellectually sympathizing 
friends,— 
“ When thought leaped out to answer thought 
Ere thought could wed itself with speech,” 
represents a common experience. And it is a familiar truth, 
that those whose judgment is the soundest are not always 
those who state most easily and clearly the reasons for their 
judgment in words. ‘To deny this power of thought to be 
partly independent of language, appears no less untrue to 
fact than it would be, on the other hand, to deny that 
language is necessary to any elaborate train of thought. 
Prof. Max Miiller has done injustice to his subject of the 
Science of Thought, by refusing to take into the scope of the 
science the minds of animals. It must be freely granted that no 
light whatever is thrown on the psychology of the conscious 
mind of man by those wonderful instincts which guide the 
actions of insects towards ends whereof we cannot believe 
that they have any consciousness; such as, to mention the 
best known instance, the instinct that guides the bee to build 
its cells in that hexagonal form which stores the most honey 
with the least expenditure of wax; or the still more wonder- 
ful instinct that directs the larva of the Satwrnia Pavonia 
minor, or Emperor moth, so to construct its cocoon as to be 
protected against pressure from without, yet able easily to 
open the cocoon and escape when the time comes for its final 
transformation.* Such instincts as these are rather to be 
classed with the formative intelligence which constructs the 
organism, than with the conscious intelligence of the mind of 
man and of the higher animals. But no conscious intelli- 
gence ought to be excluded from the Science of Thought. 
Prof. Max Miiller justifies the exclusion of animal intelligence 
from his science by saying that we know it only by analogy 
* Autenrieth, quoted by Muller, p. 13. 
