280 REV. J; MAGENS MELLO, M.A., F.G.S., ETC. 
on the spot in large quantities. In form, these early copper 
tools very closely resembled the contemporaneous stone 
implements, and were, doubtless, copies of these; and, it is 
to be noted, that these first attempts at metallurgy were not 
moulded, but were hammered into shape. Numerous imple- 
ments, both of stone and of bone, together with other objects 
of a more or less ornamental character, were discovered in the 
same locality. Flint arrow-heads and knives were numerous ; 
also polished celts, and wedges made of diorite, fibrolite, 
&c., and many bone awls and needles; a curiously-shaped 
bone object occurred which is said tc resemble some found by 
Dr. Schliemann at Hissarlik, and which he thought were idols. 
Many perforated shells were found, together with specimens” 
of fusus and trochus broken off at the apex, which may have 
been used as whistles, as similar shells are used to this day by 
the miners and hawkers of the district. Stone mills and 
pestles, also stone hammers, were discovered ; for ‘the most 
part, these were of a more advanced type than those found in 
the purely Neolithic stations. We may learn something too 
of the food of this early Spanish race from the remains of the 
goat, wild boar, and ox; and from beans, rye, barley, chest- 
nuts, &c., which were dug out of the floors of their dwellings. 
The people were, probably, both pastoral and agricultural, 
and occasionally roamed over the district as hunters in search 
of the wilder animals. 
But the chief feature of the age, and that which now most 
coucerns us, is the evidence afforded as to the practice of 
metallurgy. This evidence is abundant. Cinders and slag, 
the ores of copper, both the blue and the green carbonate, 
lumps of metallic copper, and, finally, copper implements, 
show in the clearest way that the Metal age had now begun, 
in this part of Europe. The copper ores had been obtained 
from the neighbouring mountains, where they are still found. 
Amongst the copper objects were triangular unbarbed 
arrow-heads, small awls, one of which was still fixed in a 
bone handle, a knife-blade, and several axes. There can, then, 
be no doubt whatever as to the existence of an indigenous 
metallurgy here; but we have now to note a fact which has 
an important bearing on the origin of this metallurgy. Whilst 
copper was thus extensively used and manufactured into im- 
plements on the spot, bronze appears to have been known 
at the same time, although it was not made in the district ; 
it appears solely in the form of ornaments at this period, and 
these are of a higher type than that of the rude copper in- 
dustry then prevailing. Thus it is most probable that whilst 
