292 REV. J. MAGENS MELLO, M.A., F.G.S., ETC. 
been due to accident, but clearly points to a common origin 
of the manufacture; but we are still in the dark as to 
the actual race which introduced metallurgy into Hurope, 
and whether those non-Aryan peoples who seem to have 
been the occupiers of the soil at the time of its introduc- 
tion, and who themselves came from an Eastern home, 
left the cradle of their race before the discovery of metallurgy ; 
either they must have done so, or else must have fallen back 
into barbarism. As to when their first migrations touk place 
we are utterly in the dark; at the time when we first meet 
with them other races, such as the Celts, were already press- 
inguponthem. In Gaul, and also in Spain during the Neolithic 
age remains of a taller race than the small Iberian were 
mingled with these latter. We do not know whether the 
men who brought in the use of metals,—those men, for 
instance, who entered Spain in the South, or Scandinavia in 
the North,—were Semites, Aryans, or neither the one nor the 
other. Nor is it easy to understand the exact route taken by 
the introducers of metallurgy, nor whether they all belonged 
to the same race, as Sir John Lubbock has noted a curious 
fact: bronze swords, he says, which have been found in such 
large numbers in the North of Europe, have been very rarely 
met with in Italy; and then there is that other circumstance 
previously mentioned, viz., the use of lead in their bronze alloy 
by the Etruscans and Egyptians. 
Turning once more to Spain. MM. Siret call attention to 
the fact that the men who introduced the art of metal-working 
also brought with them, as we have seen, the practice of 
cremation and urn burial, and, quoting from Rougemont, say 
that “ the urn appears to have been unknown to the Egyptians 
and the Semites.” The cinerary urn “is altogether Aryan, 
Indo-European, Japhetic ”’; and Dr. S. Miiller tells us that 
the Phcenicians did not burn their dead, but buried them in 
coffins. Cremation and urn-burial, he adds, is one of the 
features of the ancient Greek civilisation ; he also says that 
the ornamentation of the pottery, &c., by the use of straight 
lines can be followed from Italy through Europe, as far as 
Scandinavia, in the series of remains, more recent than those 
in which spiral and curved line ornamentation prevails; and 
with the adoption of this straight line ornamentation, carried 
from Greece to the North, came in the new funereal usages, 
viz., the burning of the dead and the storing of their ashes in 
urns in common cemeteries and in tumuli. At a very early 
period there appear to have been commercial relations between 
the people who inhabited Greece, Italy, and Spain, and 
