100 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 57 



the. large ornamental scroll passing under the eye and curling u]) in 

 %^ front of the forehead (|), is better seen in the head for 17 

 t (fig. 53, 7'-m). 



The head for 8 is shown in figure 52, a-f. It is very similar to the 

 head for 1, as previously explained (compare figs. 51, a-e and 52, a-f), 

 and is to be distinguished from it only by the character of the fore- 

 head ornament, which is composed of but a single element (||). ^ 

 In figure 52, a, h, this takes the form of a large curl. In c of the H 

 same figure a flaring element is added above the curl and in d and e 

 this element replaces the curl. In / the tongue or tooth of a gro- 

 tesque animal head forms the forehead ornament. The heads for 18 

 (fig. 53, n-q) follow the first variants (fig. 51, a, h), having the large 

 curl, except g, which is similar to d in having a flaring element instead. 



The head for 9 occurs more frequently than all of the others with 

 the exception of the zero head, because the great majority of aU 

 Initial Series record dates which fell after the completion of Cycle 9, 

 but before the completion of Cycle 10. Consequently, 9 is the coeffi- 

 cient attached to the cycle glyph in almost all Initial Series.^ The 

 head for 9 is shown in figure 52, g-l. It has for its essential charac- 

 teristic the dots on the lower cheek or around the mouth (*). ^ 

 Sometimes these occur in a circle or again irregularly. Occa- * 

 sionally, as in j-l, the 9 head has a beard, though this is not a con- 

 stant element as are the dots, which appear also in the head for 19. 

 Compare figure 53, r. 



The head for 10 (fig. 52, m-r) is extremely important since its 

 essential element, the fleshless lower jaw (*), stands for the ^^g 

 numerical value 10, in composition with the heads for 3, 4, 5, * 

 6, 7, 8, and 9, to form the heads for 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19, 

 respectively. The 10 head is clearly the fleshless skuU, having the 

 truncated nose and fleshless jaws (see fig. 52, m-p). The fleshless 

 lower jaw is shown in profile in all cases but one — Zoomorph B at 

 Quirigua (see r of the same figure). Here a fuU front view of a 10 

 head is shown in which the fleshless jaw extends clear across the 

 lower part of the head, an interesting confirmation of the fact that 

 this characteristic is the essential element of the head for 10. 



The head for 11 (fig. 52, s) has been found only once in the inscrip- 

 tions, namely, on Lintel 2 at Piedras Negras; hence comparative 

 data are lackmg for the determmation of its essential element. This 

 head has no fleshless lower jaw and consequently would seem, there- 

 fore, not to be built up of the heads for 1 and 10. 



Similarly, the head for 12 (fig. 52, t-v) has no fleshless lower jaw, and 

 consequently can not be composed of the heads for 10 and 2. It is to 

 be noted, however, that all three of the faces are of the same t}^e, 

 even though their essential characteristic has not yet been determined. 



' For the discussion of Initial Series in cycles other than Cycle 9, see pp. 194-207. 



