32 REV. J. LESLIE. PORTER, D.D. 
of Sidon, Tyre, Gebal, and Arvad, and along the adjoining 
slopes of Lebanon. Those in the cemetery of Arvad, at _ 
Amrit, are the most striking, with their pyramids and re- 
markable monuments. 'he tomb of Esmtinazar, discovered a 
few years ago at Sidon, attracted much attention, partly by 
the beauty of its Hgyptian-shaped sarcophagus and partly by 
its long Phoenician inscription. The inscription appears to 
have been written by the monarch himself, and expresses the 
horror he entertained of having his body disturbed. The 
following is an extract :—‘‘King Hsmiinazar said thus :—I am 
carried away ; the time of my non-existence has come; my 
spirit has disappeared. . . . I am lying in this coffin, in the 
place which I have built. . . . May no royal race and no man 
open my funeral bed, and may they not seek after treasures 
here.'. . . Hvery man who shall open the covering, or who 
shall carry away the coffin, . . . shall have no couch with the 
Rephaim, . . . nor shall he be buried, nor shall he have son 
to succeed him, and the holy gods shall extirpate them.”” The 
sarcophagus was opened and removed by the French, and is 
now in the Museum of the Louvre. 
The Greeks also have left famous tombs, both in their native 
country and in their colonies. Some are excavated in the 
rock, like those of Phoenicia and Palestine. Of these there 
are many examples in Cyprus (Di Cesnola, p. 203), in which 
were found ornaments in gold, vases in terra-cotta, and 
other specimens of early art. There are also Greek rock- 
tombs near Ephesus, in various parts of Asia Minor, and in 
the Morea. Some tombs are sunk in the ground, the sides 
built up with huge stones, and arched, or simply flagged, over ; 
such as those of Mycenz, which Schliemann opened, finding 
vases, cups, paterze, and numerous ornaments in gold and 
silver, the repoussé work and carving on which closely re- 
semble those described in Solomon’s Temple. Perhaps the most 
remarkable treasures there found were the masks and coats of 
thin beaten gold which covered the faces and bodies of the 
dead. The gold was spread upon the dead, jast as we read 
in the Bible that the Phoenician and Jewish artists ‘‘ spread 
the gold upon the cherubim, and fitted it upon the graven 
work,” in the Temple of Solomon. So artistically was the 
gold fitted on the bodies found in the tombs of Mycenz that 
the forms and features of the dead were clearly and even 
minutely defined. 
The great dome-shaped structures around Mycene were, in all 
probability, tombs. ‘That of Atreus, so called, is fifty feet in 
diameter and fifty high. It was entirely subterranean, and 
is constructed of large, well-hewn stones in concentric layers, 
