JEWISH, PH@NICIAN, AND EARLY GREEK ART, ETC. 30 
kinds of metal-work, and carving, and stone-work, but they 
never rose to those grand conceptions of strength, beauty, and 
intellectual life and power so marvellously realised and exhi- 
bited in the works of Greek sculptors. ‘T’o trace a flower, or 
a leaf, or an animal, or a human figure, upon stone or metal 
was the highest aim of the Phoenician artist. ‘T'o manufacture 
vases, cups, and ornaments of gold and silver, armour and 
arms of bronze, robes of fine texture and rich embroidery, and 
to supply the marts of the world with them, the Phcenicians 
laboured with surpassing skill, energy, and success. ‘They 
thereby left the impress of their talent and industry in every 
land, from Babylonia to Britain. The decoration of Solomon’s 
Temple and Palace was perhaps among the earliest of their 
great achievements, and served, doubtless, in no small degree, 
to spread abroad their fame; for we read that ‘‘ Solomon 
exceeded all the kings of the earth in riches and in wisdom. 
And all the earth sought the presence of Solomon to hear his 
wisdom ” (1 Kings x. 23). 
Subsequent history and recent researches show how 
wonderfully graphic and accurate in detail is that sublime 
passage in which the prophet Hzekiel describes the wealth, 
the far-reaching commerce, and the lordly pride of Tyre, 
Pheenicia’s great capital:—‘‘O thou that dwellest in the 
entry of the sea, which art the merchant of the peoples unto 
many isles... °.°. Thou hast said, I am perfect in beauty.” 
Then he goes on to enumerate the various peoples employed 
by the Tyrians, each in the department of skilled work in 
which it excelled; and also the several countries and cities 
with which they had commercial dealings. Some of these 
deserve special notice here :—Fine linen with broidered work 
from Egypt; carved and inlaid wood from the isles of Kittim 
(Cyprus) ; silver, iron, tin, and lead from Tarshish (Spain and 
Britain) ; in vessels of brass with Javan (Ion, Greece) ; ivory 
and ebony from the distant isles (India and Ceylon); with 
Syria (including Judza) in purple, embroidery, fine linen, 
and precious stones. It is a wonderful and instructive 
catalogue, and serves to throw fresh light upon the decora- 
tions and furniture of Solomon’s Temple and Palace. 
PH@NICIAN ART IN GREECE AND ITS COLONIES. 
I shall now attempt to sketch the introduction of Phoenician 
art into Greece, and its development: there under the inspi- 
ration and guidance of Greek genius. Probably the first 
contact of Phcenician and Greek—such contact, at least, as 
produced mutual action and culture,—was in Cyprus. The 
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