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given occasionally would produce this kind of result [showing a piece of 

 flint]. I do not throw any doubt on the evidence of human workmanship as 

 derivable from this kind of appearance ; but it must have occurred pretty 

 frequently in the natural process of things that flint was accidentally thus 

 fractured. I think, moreover, that where one finds a flint that might have 

 been a human implement, or might have been the result of natural fracture, 

 he is not justified in saying it was the result of human handiwork unless he 

 finds something else to confirm that assumption. The archaeologists certainly 

 have more confideuce in theSe things than we as geologists should 

 have. As to the term "antediluvian,"! may state that I used it as an 

 equivalent to " post-glacial " in geology. Geologists are much alarmed at 

 the present day by the idea of saying anything at all about the " Deluge." 

 In old times they used to attribute almost everything to the Deluge, and in 

 fact they almost rode the Deluge to death ; but modern geologists, as I have 

 said, are afraid of speaking of the Deluge. We were beginning to go 

 back a little in that direction, as we find that after the great submergence 

 of continents which took place in the Pleistocene age, and to which I have 

 referred, — that subsidence which seems to have affected all the northern 

 hemisphere, — there came a period which Lyell properly called the second 

 continental period, and which we sometimes call the post-glacial period, when 

 the continents were larger than now, — when England was connected with 

 the mainland of Europe, and the migratory animals walked along the dry 

 land from Germany to England, a period during which England was, doubt- 

 less, first colonised, when man lived in a larger world and when men were 

 of huge stature and great physical power, with bigger limbs and bigger 

 heads, so that I hardly know what we should have been if with our present 

 culture we had possessed the physical power of those post-glacial men. I 

 have great respect for those men. They unfortunately came to an untimely 

 end, because that continental period was followed by a second subsidence, 

 which must have been a great and a terrible affair. We now know the 

 Deluge to have been an historical event, the record of which is preserved 

 not only in the Bible, but in other history. We also know that there was a 

 great submergence which closed the second continental period. Whether 

 it was a cataclysmal event which occupied only a short time, or whether it 

 was more gradual and lasted a long time, is a matter which might be 

 disputed, for it depends on the interpretation given to the facts by 

 ditferent schools of geology. But at the time when multitudes of those 

 innuense extinct mammals, such as the mammoth and the rhinoceros were 

 swept away by the subsidence which submerged such ranges as the hills of 

 Lebanon and of this country, so as to spread it over with gravel, which 

 is not altogether local, but some of which was swept from the north of 

 England and Wales over this district, the event was of a character 

 which affords evidence of a great and serious cataclysm. As to the 

 time when this took place, and its duration, we are not in a position 

 to say much ; but we come to the conclusion that the older part of the 

 human period was separated from the more modern by a very great physical 



