Jan., 1909. Birds of Illinois and Wisconsin — Corv. 



593 



but is included as a rare straggler in Wisconsin. Dr. Hoy claims to 

 have taken several specimens near Racine from 1853 to 1858. 

 Mr. E. W. Nelson says: "A beautiful male specimen of this species 

 was obtained the middle of April. 1858, by Dr. Hoy in his garden at 

 Racine. The specimen was first identified by Mr. Cassin. This 

 specimen was loaned me with the preceding and upon comparison I 

 find it differs but very slightly from California specimens of the same 

 species in my collection." (Birds X. E. Illinois, 1876, p. 108.) 



258. Zonotrichia albicoUis (Gmel.). 

 White-throated Sparrow. 



Distr. : North America east of the Rocky Mountains, from the 

 gulf coast to Athabaska. Ungava, and Labrador; accidental or casual 

 on the Pacific coast; breeds from Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York, 

 northward. 



Adult: Crown, black, divided by a white stripe through the centre; 

 a yellow streak in front of the eye; a white stripe extending back- 

 ward from above the eye to base 

 of the crown, bordered below by a 

 black stripe; chin and upper 

 throat, white; lower throat and 

 ^ upper breast, grayish, shading into 

 white on the lower breast and belly; 

 sides of body, pale olive buff; edge 

 of carpal joint (bend of wing), yel- 

 low; back, rufous brown, streaked 

 with black, some of the feathers, 

 edged with ashy; primaries and 

 tail, grayish Vjrown; most of secondaries, dark brown, edged, with 

 rufous; greater and middle wing coverts, dark brown, more or less 

 edged with rufous and tipped with white. 



Adult female in fall: Similar, but more or less brown instead of 

 black on the crown. 



Immature birds have the black on the crown replaced by brown, 

 the yellow spot in front of the eye paler and smaller, and the yellow 

 on the carpal joint much paler; the breast sometimes with obscure 

 streaks. 



Length, 6.70; wing, 2.85 to 3.10; tail, 3; bill, .38; tarsus, .87. 

 The White-throated Sparrow is an abundant migrant in Illinois 

 and Wisconsin in spring and fall and, according to Kumlien and Hol- 

 lister, a not uncommon summer resident in the latter state, breeding 



White-throated Sparrow, 



