700 l'ii;i.i) MusHUM of Natural History — Zoology, Vol. IX. 



353. Penthestes carolinensis (Aud.). 



Carolina Chickadee. 



Parus carolinensis Aud., A. O. U. Check List, 1895. p. 308. 



Distr.: Eastern United States, .from the south Atlantic and Gulf 

 states north to Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois; west to Louisiana and 

 eastern Missouri; breeds nearly throughout its range. 



Adult: Similar to P. atricapillus, but averaging smaller and the tail 

 shorter; the greater wing coverts not margined with white: primaries, 

 wings, and tail very slightly edged with white, sometimes entirely- 

 absent on tail feathers. Sexes similar. 



Length, 4.10 to 4.70; wing, 2.20 to 2.55; tail, 2.25; bill, .32. 



The Carolina Chickadee is a common resident in southern Illinois, 

 but rare in the northern portion of the state, the only record being 

 that given by Mr. Nelson who gives it as "a rare summer vLsitant to 

 the ' Pinery' at the southern end of Lake Michigan." It has not been 

 recorded from Wisconsin. The notes resemble those of P. atricapil- 

 lus but are louder and rather more hurried. 



The nest is in a hole in a tree or stump. The eggs are 6 to 8 in 

 number, pure white, spotted and speckled with brown chiefly at the 

 larger end, and measure about .57 x .45 inches. 



354. Penthestes hudsonicus (Forst.). 

 Hudsonian Chickadee. 



Parus htidsonicus Forst., A. O. U. Check List, 1895, p. 309. 



Distr.: Northern North America, north to Ungava and Alaska; 

 breeds north of the United States; casually south in winter to north- 

 ern Michigan, Wisconsin, anrl northern Illinois (replaced on the At- 

 lantic coast by P. h. littoralis Chapman). 



Adult: Crown and back, hair-brown or dull grayish brown; sides 

 of head, white ; throat, dull black ; breast and middle of belly, whitish ; 

 sides, flanks, and under tail coverts, chestnut brown; tail, brownish 

 slate-color. Sexes similar. 



Length, 5.20; wing, 2.50; tail, 2.50; bill, .32. 



The Hudsonian Chickadee is a rare winter visitant in northern 

 Illinois and Wisconsin. Mr. E. W. Nelson gives it as: "Avery rare 

 winter visitant" in northeastern Illinois and states that Dr. Velie 

 observed them at Rock Island (Birds N. E. Illinois, 1876, p. 95). 



Mr. John F. Ferry shot a female bird of this species at Beach, 

 Lake County, 111., Nov. 5, 1906, and observed another on November 

 10, 1906, near Lake Forest, 111.; and on Nov. 8, 1906, Mr. F. M. Wood- 

 ruff secured two specimens, both females, near Waukegan, Illinois. 



