108 SURGEON-GENERAL SIR C. A. GORDON, M.D., K.C.B., ON 



promulgated from Mount Sinai ; and Moses having committed 

 the Book of the Law to the priests, he ascended Mount 

 Pisgah, ten miles north-east of the Dead Sea, there died 

 B.C. 1451 ; leaving Joshua* and Caleb as leaders. During 

 their wandering in the desert Moses established the Jewish 

 Republict In B.C. 1471 fire from heaven destroyed their 

 camp, and pestilence 15,000 of their numbers. 



The legislation of Moses embodied in the Pentateuch^ was 

 promulgated at a time when the word laiv^ was unknown 

 to other nations. This code is divided into five parts, namely, 

 religion, morals, and civil, military, and political affairs. Its 

 wisdom is acknowledged at the end of nearly forty centuries, 

 while the more recent institutions of Minos, Lycurgus, 

 Numa and Solon have fallen into desuetude. 



Sesostris or Rameses 11, the great founder of the nine- 

 teenth Egyptian dynastyH liberated his country from the 

 Hyksos,1[ who had renewed their invasions under his father.** 

 His own conquests extended over Libya, Ethiopia, Media, 

 Persia, and Asia Minor, trophies being brought to him from 

 kingdoms extending from the Danube on the west to the 

 Ganges on the east. 



The origin of Sidon is lost in antiquity. Towards the end of 

 the period now under review, Tyre was erected, but for a 

 considerable time held a position second in importance to 

 its elder rival. The people by whom they were established, 

 and the adjoining territory occupied were described in the 

 Mosaic account as descendants of Ham, whence they would 

 belong to the same race as the Egyptians, and other southern 

 nations. Numerous cities and towns were erected along 

 their line of coast, these becoming celebrated for their 

 various industries and manufactures, as also for maritime 

 enterprise. Even at this early date they excelled in the 



* Adverting to the miracle of the sun standing still in the time of 

 Joshua (Josh, x, 12), the Chinese have a tradition that in the time of 

 Yao (b.o. 2356-2254), the sun did not set for ten days. The Egyptian 

 priests told Herodotus (about b.c. 450) that within a period of 341 gener- 

 ations. I.e., about 11,000 years, the sun had deviated four times from his 

 usual course. White's Universal Historij, p. 18. 



t Theocracy (?) 



X " The Book of the Law of Moses," Ezra vii, 6 ; Neh. viii, 1. 



§ In a forensic sense. 



I'l Or Arabians. (Rollin.) White, p. 18. 



IT B.C. 1326, according to Manetho. Aclunes T, B.C. 1703-1700. 



** Seti I. 



