china's place in ancient history: a fragment. 119 



habitation " ; Pautliier, p. 85. About B.C. 1001 allusion is made to 

 a Toyage having been undertaken by Chinese to a country 

 described under the name of Si-Wang, believed to have been 

 either Persia or Syria ; that a queen of the former country visited 

 China, carrying presents to the emperor Mou Wang (b.c. 1 000-945) ; 

 also that he himself visited some Western nations, but whether 

 India, Chaldea, or Persia is uncertain, id., p. 94. 



Note 4, page 20. 



Ilencuis. — He believed that in man nature is originally good ; 

 that all men are naturally xivinovL^^ di.?i all tvater flows doionivard ; 

 all men have compassionate hearts, all feel asbamed of vice ; 

 shame is of great moment to men, it is only the designing and 

 artful that find no use for shame ; human nature must be tried by 

 suffering, and to form an energetic and virtuous character a man 

 must endure much. Middle Kingdom, Williams, vol. i, p. 671 ; also 

 Life and Work of Mencius by Professor Legge, D.D., p. 58. 



Note 5 (General), page 24. 



Historical dates given in the text of the preceding " Fragment," 

 more particularly those referring to the more distant periods, 

 must be looked upon as tentative and conditional. Discrepancies 

 ■with regard to several of them exist in works I'eferred to ; nor 

 has it been practicable in the text to enter upon a critical analysis 

 of data in accordance with which those discrepancies have come 

 about. The Rev. R. Cooper has kindly revised and commented 

 upon the paper as originally drafted, and is hereby thanked for 

 the trouble he has been so good as to take in so adding to it the 

 results of his own technical knowledge. As the outcome of his 

 revision certain additions to footnotes and others are made in the 

 hope of thereby enhancing whatever value may be assigned to 

 the " Fragment of Comparative History " now given. 



