192 ALFRED T. SCHOFIELD^ ESQ., M.D., M.R.C.S., ON 



as to be highly '' artificial," particularly when it resembles 

 human work. Once more then in the inorganic part of the 

 universe we see matter acted on by determined force, or by 

 the mind of God ; in plant and lower animal life the same, 

 Ihence the phenomena in these spheres are natural. In 

 many of the actions of higher animal life it is not quite clear 

 as to how far a derived intelligence with a narrow range of 

 liberty may not be the ageiit, the phenomena on this level 

 are therefore sometimes called natural and sometimes arti- 

 ficial; while in the surroundings of man we see matter acted 

 on by a fully emancipated self-conscious mind, His own 

 bodily life being still unconsciously carried on as in the lower 

 animals ; hence we term all products of will action artificial, 

 while the physical functions are still called natural. 



I am afraid 1 have wearied my audience with this long 

 paper, in which after all I have succeeded in saying so little ; 

 but that little was worth saying if it has emphasised the fact 

 that the natural world bears as truly the stamp of the 

 mind of God as the artificial world does the mind of man ; 

 and that it is futile to deny the presence of mind in the 

 formation of man, if we admit it in his handiwork. Inasmuch 

 also as instinct implies purpose, and purpose mind, it is 

 adtiiitted equally in the work of animals; only as such work 

 is generally uniform in each species, and can therefore be 

 predicted, is it called natural rather than artificial. 



I cannot of course expect that in my remarks I have carried 

 all my hearei'S with me, but I thank them for the patient 

 hearing they have accorded me, and trust they will deal 

 leniently with any errors they may detect, both on account of 

 the difficulty of the subject and the very busy life of the 

 speaker, which has not allowed him the time that such 

 weighty questions require. 



