IN THE PETER KEDPATH MUSEUM OP MCGILL UNIVEESITY^ ETC. 249 



eyebrows, the short face compared with tlie long head. 

 These characters are especially marked in the old man of 

 Cro-Magnon. The Langerie-basse cranimn has more 

 resemblance to that of Truchere, has less of these peculiar 

 characters, and consequently approaches more nearly to the 

 Guanche skulls. We do not certainly know the relative 

 ages of the cave skulls. The Canstadt or Neanderthal type 

 is generally supposed to be the oldest. At Spy in Belgium 

 and at Grenelle on the Seine, it certainly appears in the 

 oldest deposits, though the Cro-Magnon type is accompanied 

 by the same fauna and belongs to the same geological 

 period. The fauna of Laugerie-basse is also the same, but 

 it is possible that while all are post-glacial, Palanthrupic, or 

 Quaternary, as distinguished from recent, this series of skulls 

 may represent different phases of the period. Another view 

 however, is possible. There may have co-existed in Europe 

 two races of men, that of Canstadt. Spy, and Neanderthal 

 and that of Truchere, the latter being essentially similar to 

 the men of the Neanthropic age, of the Iberian type which 

 still exists. The gigantic race of Cro-Magnon, Laugerie- 

 basse and Mentone may have been the result of mixture of 

 these races. If so, this would account for the considerable 

 diversity of cranial form, as mixed breeds are apt to present 

 various intermediate forms and also to revert toward the 

 pure races. 



These are facts patent to ordinary observation ; but actual 

 measurements are not wanting. Dr. Franz Boas has 

 investigated the facts in the case of half-bloods between the 

 Ameiican Indian and the European.* He finds that the 

 stature ol the half-blood is greater than that of either parent, 

 and this especially in the case of the men, and that the 

 half-bloods are more variable in this and other physical 

 characters than either of the pure races. Another remarkable 

 peculiarity is that the height of the face tends to become 

 diminished relatively to the size of the head in the 

 half-bloods. Thus we have good reason to believe that the 

 giants of the Palanthropic age were half-bloods. I have 

 treated this question in some detail, and in its relation to 

 history, and have suggested the above explanation, in a 

 little work lately published.f 



* Popular Science Monthly, October, 1894. 



t The Meeting place of Oeology and History, Loudon, 1894, also 

 Fossil Men, London, 1880. 



