158 THEOPHILUS G. PINCHES, LL.D., M.R.A.S., ON 
This inscription is not produced by means of a brick-stamp, 
but is written by hand, probably with a rectangular stick of 
wood, a corner of which, pressed into the clay, forms the 
wedges—no matter what their shape—with which we are so 
familiar. The words are all usual ones, and the text is composed 
with a due regard to the rules of Assyrian grammar, as far as 
their ideographic system allowed. It is noteworthy that, in 
this and other inscriptions found on the site, the name of 
Adad precedes that of his father Anu—whether because 
he was the more popular god, or for some other reason, is 
uncertain. 
Like all the structures of this class in Babylonia and Assyria, 
the corners of the buildings are directed, roughly, towards the 
cardinal points. Its rear looked therefore towards the northern 
city-wall, which sloped from north-east to south-west, and its 
front towards the south-west, facing the central portion of the 
city. The temple proper seems to have consisted of a rectan- 
gular terrace with its entrance on the site referred to, flanked 
by two towers, by which one gained access to a central court- 
yard, and thence into the rooms where the religious ceremonies 
were performed, the priests’ private rooms, and those wherein 
the holy vessels and utensils were kept. As it was a double 
temple, the architects arranged the rooms in each portion 
symmetrically, aud each god had the same number of rooms 
in the fane dedicated to him—four small rooms arranged round 
a central chamber which was apparently the sanctuary. The 
broad recess at the north-western end of each hall suggests 
that at that end fay the holy place, where the image of the god 
of the fane stood, and the priests performed their ceremonies. 
On each side of these rooms, at the angles of the north-western 
front, were the two massive temple- towers, which Dr. Andrae 
supposes to have been in four stages, access being gained to them 
from the terrace, and also, probably, from a corridor which ran 
between the chambers (dividing the temples from each other), 
or from the chambers themselves. Though no sanctuaries are 
shown at the tops of these temple-towers, it is not improb- 
able that there was one in each case, similar to that of the 
temple of Belus at Babylon. It is to be noted, however, that a 
sanctuary at the top of every temple-tower was not an absolute 
necessity, as the ceremonies may have been performed in the 
open air. Dr. Andrae’s restoration of the earlier structure, 
which I now describe, does not represent the outer walls as 
being decorated with those deeply-recessed panels which are 
such a characteristic of structures of this kind, both in Assyria 
