214 REV. A. IRVING, D.SC., B.A., ON 
associated with life at all.”* Ina paper on “ Faith and Science,”f 
and again in a sermon, “The New Creation,”t I said, “‘ Anything 
_ like a gradual development of the spiritual life out of the physical 
life seems to be as untrue as the doctrine of the development of life 
from non-living matter, with its energy and properties. 
Each life has its place in guiding and controlling, to higher aude 
properties and forces of a lower order than itself. As science can 
tell us nothing directly of the intrinsic nature of physical life, so 
can it have nothing to say for or against the spiritual life: for this 
we must turn to the revelation of Jesus Christ” ; and (I may add 
here) to the “inner light ” of that ‘‘God-consciousness,” which man 
has, because man is a soul, a creature sui generis.§ 
The term ‘ Man” (in the highest sense) then must include this, the 
central factor of his individuality (his self-hood) ; and carries with 
it the refutation of Mr. Woods Smyth’s dictum, ‘“ Evolution is 
sufficient to account for the whole chain|| of sequences from the 
Protistze to Man in the highest sense.” Evolution has to do with 
matters belonging to the lower grades of consciousness. 
I thank Mr. Tuckwell for his appreciative remarks. As to the 
rakia (expanse), his remarks, I think, tend to confuse what I find 
actually stated in Gen.i. The author of that chapter even seems 
to go out of his way to preclude that, by anticipation ; for in v. 8, 
he expressly defines the “expanse” of vv. 6, 7, when he says— 
“ God called the expanse heaven,” so as to make it quite clear that 
in the succeeding verses, from which I have quoted, he is speaking 
of the same thing three times over. I can find in the text no 
countenance to the idea of more than one expanse. 
* “Things New and Old”; asermon published in the Clergyman’s 
Magazine (January, 1893) and referred to in my previous paper. 
+ sbid., June, 1893. 
- Written and preached on the occasion of the Meeting of the 
British Association at Nottingham in 18938, and published in The 
Churchman (August 1894). 
§ Cf. the very able paper by Professor Caldecott, D.D., Litt.D., read 
at the Victoria Institute on May 23rd, 1910, and the discussion thereon ; 
also The Inner Light, by the Rev. Ar nold Whiteley, M.A. (Camb.), D. D. 
(London), with Introduction by Dr. Caldecott. 
|| The misprint of “claim” for chain must have been too obvious to 
mislead anyone. 
