LIGHT, LUMINARIES AND LIFE. 221 
was for the express object of demonstrating this, that the Greenwich 
photographs of the ‘“‘spiral nebulze” were thrown upon the screen. 
I regret that my enforced absence from the meeting on March 21st 
prevented me from emphasizing this at the time. The difficulty 
raised as to the winged creatures (v. 20) flying “above the earth in 
the open firmament of heaven” is more apparent than real; as we 
see at once if we follow the literal Hebrew (and we can hold the 
author responsible for naught else), which says ‘on the face of the 
expanse of the heaven” (margin), as they of course appear to do 
to a spectator on the surface of the earth. 
As to the points 2 and 3 of Colonel Turton’s criticism, I am unable 
to follow him, nor do I see that they have any very cogent bearing 
upon the point under discussion. 
