278 REV. PROF. A. CALDECOTT, D.LITT., D.D., ON 
of organic life, we have no interest in desiring its withdrawal 
from any particular biological processes ; the laws of inheritance 
which are good for organic nature generally may be held to be 
beneficent at its summit. 
Il. Mind. 
A quite different field of enquiry opens out when we ask, 
Does Heredity apply in the realm of Mind ? 
The leaders in scientific enquiry are apt too readily to “jump 
this claim,’—as the prospectors in mining districts say—and at 
once to extend to mental nature what they have established in 
the sphere of physical organisms. 
But the standpoints as to the relation of mind and body are 
at least these four : 
i. We may be Materialists: holding that the body is the 
reality, the mind a dependent and derived accompani- 
ment. 
ii. We may be Parallelists: holding that mind and body 
are equal as to reality, but run precisely parallel 
courses, never by any possibility interacting. 
iii We may be Interactionists: holding that although 
equal and different they are capable of mutual influence 
or of so interworking as to form a single series of 
processes. 
iv. We may be Spiritualists: holding that there is a range 
of mental life only indirectly connected with bodily 
changes, running its own course according to its own 
constitution and laws, but doing so within limits 
arising from the physical organism. 
These are fundamentally different philosophical views: they 
have stood in opposition whenever men have endeavoured to 
think upon the problem of mind and body, and they stand in 
opposition to-day. 
In reference to Heredity the Materialist makes no question 
that the same laws prevail for mind as for body. He holds. 
this a priori, from his view of the dependence of mind upon, 
matter, and he proceeds to look for verification by observations. 
as to inheritance with the same interest here as in the biological 
sphere. The Parallelist and the Interactionist can also under- 
take with zest investigations as to the facts of inheritance in 
mind equally with matter, and will expect to find that they 
prevail in both. 
