292 REV. PROF. A. CALDECOTT, D.LITT., D.D., ON 
If we elide the phrase ‘‘a preformed mass of mental dispositions 
... ,” from the first sentence on page 283 of the paper, the fore- 
going considerations will to a large extent harmonize the differing 
views there represented. 
Every school of eugenics which ignores human free will is 
doomed to failure. Realization in practice of the materialistic aim 
would first degrade the unhappy subject of the social experiment 
into a slave, and ultimately into a mere link in a long mechanical 
chain. For true social amelioration the good of the individual and 
the good of the race must be pursued concurrently, and work 
together pari passu. To quote the concluding words of the paper, 
“Tt is not in physical robustness or in intellectual vigour, but in the 
power of the spirit to express the Spirit of God, that we are to 
look for the secret of noble individual life and the presage of the 
perfection of Society.” 
Rey. A. Irvine, D.Sc., B.A., thought the paper perhaps the 
most valuable from the point of view of philosophy of all the 
papers read during the present session of the Victoria Institute. 
The subject was dealt with by the hand of a master. While 
recognizing inter alia the necessary place of evolution on the 
scientific side, it seems to assign to it its proper limitations. The 
speaker was glad to be able to claim from this paper the strong 
support of such a high authority as Dr. Caldecott for his own 
contention on scientific grounds for years past, and more especially 
in the concluding paragraph of his paper read before the Institute 
on March 21st, 1910, and during the last two or three weeks in the 
Guardian newspaper. The speaker went on to quote Dr. Caldecott’s 
words from his introduction to a recent work, The Inner Light, by 
Arnold Whately* :—‘ Each man is a soul, not has one; and he 
expresses his being in his activity, his thinking, and his feeling. 
Such is the depth of his nature that in the greatest possible 
expansion of his expression he is still but partially manifested. 
Behind the rich variety of even a Shakspeare or a Goethe there 
was an unmeasured personality still unexpressed, All that psycho- 
logy can do is to take into account so much of personality as finds 
manifestation in different men.” Such a position is far removed 
* The Inner Light, by Arnold R. Whately, M.A. (Camb.), D.D. (Lond.) ; 
Swan Sonnenschein and Co. 
