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CONGRES INTERNATIONAL D'HISTOIRE DES RELIGIONS. 2 
and political development, relation with the gods Sokaris, 
Osiris, Nopher-tumu, Im-hotep, and Sokhit. “What he is 
with relation to the Apis-bull. How and why the Greeks 
identified him with their Hepheestes. 
The cults and popular religions of Egypt, more especially 
those of Thebes. The animal-gods, the bird-gods (the 
swallow, the duck, the heron, ete.), the serpent-gods 
(Ramuit, Maritsokhu). The votive offerings after con- 
valescence or benefits received; amulets against serpents, 
crocodiles, and the evil eye. 
Why the god Khnumu, especially he of Elephantine, 
became popular in later times, and how his person and 
worship spread during the Roman period and formed the 
Chnuphis-Kneph of the gnostic sects and the hermetic o1 
magical writings. 
SECTION D.—Semitic Religions. 
How are we to reconcile the Chaldean belief in the eternity 
of the world with the account of the creation of the heaven, 
the earth, the gods, and the stars? What were their exact 
ideas as to the primordial abyss and chaos giving birth to the 
universe? What was the relation of these beliefs with the 
Jewish tradition of a creative divinity having no beginning ? 
What were the Chaldean conceptions as to the end of the 
existing universe ? 
Which were the divinities originally Sumerian, and which 
of them have been assimilated with the Semitic divinities, 
by a proceeding analogous to that which was employed in 
the assimilation of the Roman gods with those of Greece ? 
Did there exist in Chaldea a belief in the survival of the 
soul after death, and its pre-existence before birth ? 
As to totemism in Arab paganism. The gods of Yemen. 
Antiquities bearing upon the religion of. the Israelites 
before Ezra and Nehemiah. 
The tombs, places of worship, and of pilgrimage in 
Palestine and the neighbouring districts. 
The reaction of Christianity upon Judaism. 
The value of the Talmud for the history of the religious 
ideas of the Jews, and the history of nascent Christianity. 
The influence exercised by conquered Persia upon con- 
quering Islamism, ete. 
The origin of Babism. 
Musulman associations and propaganda in Africa. 
