METHODS OF PROTECTION AMONG ANIMALS. 16] 
such as kangaroos, wallabies, and opossums, have the 
characteristic pouch for the young, hairy coverings, strongly 
made, powerful tail, and config uration adapted to rapid 
leaping. 
2. Hdentata comprise sloths, ant-eaters, armadilloes, and 
pangolias, and some have a remarkable extraneous greenish 
growth of fungus on their thick, coarse coat, protectively 
coloured—anteaters a peculiarly tough, dense coat and hard 
skull, armadilloes a powerful cuirass of bony plates and the 
power of curling up into a ball and of burrowing rapidly. 
The South American apar can protect itself thus about as 
rapidly and efficiently on land as the ‘“sea-hedgehog” was 
shown to do on the water. 
3. Sirenia or sea-cows, with tough smooth skin, slow in 
movement, frequent shallow seas, rivers, and bays. 
4, Cetacea, as whales, dolphins, porpoises, possess tough, 
smooth skin, “ blubber” for protection against cold among 
whales, and large, active, quickly moving bodies, 
De Pedontn or gnawing animals—mice, rats, squirrels, 
rabbits, hares, beavers, porcupines—are mostly terrestrial, 
burrowing and nocturnal in habits, a few aquatic and a few 
arboreal. They have as defensive armour only fur as a rule, 
a few have spines, especially “the fretful porcupine” of Shake- 
speare, and as indirect means of protection strong gnawing 
teeth, with strong chisel-like cutting edge, and no canine 
teeth, as the latter would, if present, be useless to them. 
6. Ungulata or hoofed animals, such as horses, asses, zebras, 
rhinoceros, tapirs, pigs, sheep, oxen, goats, deer, antelopes, 
giraffes, elephants, camels, possess a few passive characters, 
such as hairycoverings of various kinds, thickened integument, 
and certain special instances of protection by diverse 1 means ; 
and as active characters horns, tusks, antlers on the one hand 
and fleetness of pace and agility (e.g., horse and goat) on the 
other. 
7. Carnivora, such as cats, hyenas, dogs, wolves, foxes, bears, 
weasels, racoons, all possess hairy coverings of great value to 
themselves and for protection against adverse influences, 
also many protective markings. “ °Vibrissee ” or “whiskers” 
in all the cat tribe, a valuable tactile or ean, each long hair 
being furnished at its base by a special sensory nerve; the 
singular papilla on the tongue of cats, curved backwar ds, for 
the purpose of cleaning their fur, and licking clean the bones 
of their prey (in which character they differ from the dog 
tribe, which crush the bones with their teeth) ; the retractile 
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