162 W. Av KIDD, ESQ:," M.D. B-S.,) M-B-C:S., 982.5.,00N 
claws found in many Carnivora, whose beautiful mechanism 
and economy of force compels our admiration—these are 
but a few general and special contrivances for protection 
among this important order of mammalia. 
8. Insectivora, such as hedgehogs, moles, and shrews, are 
inoffensive, burrowing, hibemating, and mostly nocturnal 
animals, and these show some important protective characters 
such as dull, wniform colouring, strong, coarse coats, and formid- 
able erectile spines among hedgehogs; a delicate, velvety, 
strong coat among moles, which lies smooth when rubbed 
forwards or backwards; very strong claws, spade-like fore- 
feet, and elongated snout. Shrews show fur much like that 
of mice. 
9. Cheiroptera or bats show modifications of the digits of the 
fore-limbs into a long framework on which is stretched the 
wing-membrane, enabling them to fly; the thumb being 
furnished with a claw, the hind-limb with hook-like claws by 
which the creature can suspend itself when asleep. They 
also have a beautifully sensitive sense of touch in the wing- 
membrane, nose, and external ears. 
10. The remaining order of mammalia, the Primates, contains 
lemurs, monkeys, apes, and man, the least protected of all 
animals, except for such help as he obtains from his elevated 
intelligence. The armour, offensive and defensive, of the 
primates below man consists of hairy coverings, some protec- 
tively coloured, strong teeth, especially tusk-teeth, prehensile 
tails, powerful fore-limbs, generally extreme agility of move- 
ment, all of which conduce to a considerable power of taking 
care of themselves. 
I think this rapid survey of leading forms of animal life 
with the methods of protection adapted to each will tend to 
bear out as far as it goes the statement of Weismann that 
‘everything is adapted in animate nature.’ Itis a catalogue 
of contrivances for the important purpose of protection of 
individual animals, hardly less eloquent of design than such 
a record as the Patent. Office, for instance, affords of the multi- 
form inventions of the human intellect. “ Means adapted to 
calculable ends” may well describe this varied series of 
protective characters. And I venture to affirm that the con- 
ception of an intellect and will and power, not human and 
yet in measure interpretable by the human mind, concerned 
in the production of these characters, cannot be avoided. 
This small contribution to teleology is offered to those 
who, in the words of Professor Campbell Fraser, “are trying, 
